1. Ch. 8 1a. Define and Fears 1 st government of the United States. Congress did not want a strong Central Government. Feared it would take the rights of the people away.

2. Into: Articles of Confederation (Section 8.1 & 8.2): 1b. Strengths Declare War Make Treaties * Admit New States Manage Indian Affairs. Coin Money. Establish Post Offices. Borrow money. 1c.Weaknesses Continental Dollars worthless. Foreign nations did not respect terr. No way to tax the states, ask. Ask for enlistments. No National Executive. Trade bt/ states could not be controlled. No Court System.

3. 2. Early Quarrels and Accomplishments (Section 8.2): 2a. Land Ordinance of 1785 -Land was bound by the Mississippi R., Ohio R., and Great lakes. -Way to divide and sell land to settlers. 2b. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 -5000 people could form a government. -60,000 free people, a terr. Can become a state. -Same privileges. -No slavery in the terr. NW.

4. 3. Shay’s Rebellion and the Need for Change (Section 8.3): 3a. Shay’s Rebellion -Economy not doing well. -Farmers deep in debt. -Have to sell land and live stock. -Raid gun arsenal. 3b. Call for a Convention. -Sign country falling apart. -Revise the Articles of Confederation. -Make a stronger central government. Make a new Constitution.

5. 4. Opening the Constitutional Convention (Section 8.4): 4a. Father of the Constitution. -James Madison, bc/ he was the best prepared and took great notes. 4b. Shared Beliefs -Had to create a stronger central government. 4c. Republic. - Country led by elected representatives.

6. 5. How Should States Be Represented (Section 8.5): 5a. Virginia Plan -3 branches of government (same 5c.) -2 house Leg. Branch. -Both houses based of Population. -Favored the large states. 5b. New Jersey Plan -3 branches of government (same 5c.) -1 house, 1 vote. -Favored the small states.

7. 6. Resolution: The Great Compromise (Section 8.6): 6a. The Great Compromise -An agreement between the large and small states over representation in congress, legislative branch. -2 houses in congress. -Senate based on equal (2), small. -House of Reps. Based on population, large.

8. 6. Resolution: The Great Compromise (Section 8.6): 6b. Senate: -House of congress based of equal representation. -2 from each state. -Today 100 senators. 6c. House of Representatives: -House based on population. -Large states get more representatives. -Figured every 10 years. -Today 435 in the house of reps.

9. 7. How should Slaves Count / Three Fifths Compromise (Section 8.7 and 8.8): 7a. Northern View -Did not want count slaves, as this would give more representatives to the south. -Slaves could not vote. 7b. Southern view -Yes, count all the slaves. They are people. -People treated as property.

10. 7. How should Slaves Count / Three Fifths Compromise (Section 8.7 and 8.8): 7c. The Compromise / solution: -3/5 Compromise. -Compromise between the North and the South over counting slaves as a part of the population. -3/5 of the slaves (portion) would be counted as a part of the total population for determining Reps. In the House of Reps.

11. 8. How Should the Chief Executive be Elected / Electoral College (Section 8.9 and 8.10): 8a. One or Three -Should they have 1 executive or three, one for each branch. -The founders decided on one executive for the Executive Branch. 8b. Electoral College -Every 4 years electors from each state would choose the electors who would then vote for the President and Vice President. -Only position not directly elected by the voters. -Only 2 times has the popular vote been different than the electoral college vote.

12. 9. The Constitution Goes to the States (Section 8.12) 9a. The Federalist -They were in favor of the Constitution. -Favored a strong central government. 9b. Anti-Federalist -They were against the Constitution. -Thought the national government had too much power. -Wanted a bill of rights added to the constitution.

13. 9. The Constitution Goes to the States (Section 8.12) 9c. Federal System or Federalism -Shared power between the national and state governments. -Some powers are different and some are the same and shared. -Examples: N = trade between the states. S = trade with in the state. Both = taxes

14. 10. Ch. 8 Vocabulary (Exam): 10a. Study the Ch. 8 Notebook Vocabulary page, Key Concepts.