1. THE CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY of THE US AND CANADA

2. THE UNITED STATES  KEY TERMS:  IMMIGRATION, SUNBELT, URBANIZATION, METROPOLITAN AREA,  SUBURB, URBAN SPRAWL, MEGALOPOLIS, UNDERGROUND RAILROAD,  DRY-FARMING, BILINGUAL, LITERACY RATE.

3. POPULATION PATTERNS  Influenced by immigration  Asiatic peoples reached US over 20,000 years ago  Why people move here today?  Political and religious freedom, economic opportunity, wars, disasters  Ex: 2004- 11.7% of total US pop. Foreign born

4. DENSITY and DISTRIBUTION  Avg. is 80 people per sq. mi.  Northeast and Great Lakes region  Dense b/c of commerce and industry  Pacific Coast  Economic opportunity and mild climate  Alaska, Great Plains, and Great Basin  Little to no pop.  South and Southwest (Sunbelt) Arizona, NM, and California  Manufacturing, service, and tourism

5. URBAN AREAS  Urbanization- rural to cities  Metro-area- main city w/50k and outlying suburbs  Urban sprawl- growth of metro area; people move away from city core

6. GROWTH, DIVISION, and UNITY  1800’s- U.S. doubled in size (addition of Louisiana)  Industrial Revolution  Coal in Midwest = power for machines = emergence of Midwest as industrial power  South  Textile industry  Slavery = Underground R.R. = series of safe-houses for escapees  Movement- Eastern cities to Great Plains (overcrowding)  Dry-farming- cultivating land to catch and hold water  R.R. = spread of manufactured goods

7. CULTURE  Main language= English  Spanish= 2 nd most spoken  Many religions  Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism  Education  Private and Public; 97% literacy rate

8. CULTURE: THE ARTS  Jazz- blending African rhythms w/European Harmonies  Other notables: LA, NYC

9. THE CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY of CANADA  KEY TERMS:  LOYALIST  PROVINCE,  INUIT  DOMINION  PARLIAMENT  QUEBECOIS  NAFTA  SEPERATISM

10. POPULATION PATTERNS  Highly developed: big cities; wilderness  Some are descendants of Native Americans  Their settlers moved for the same reasons as the Americans  Ex: Loyalists- to the British Crown came over after the American Revolution  Settled in Maritime Provinces  Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island  Provinces- political units similar to states

11. POPULATION PATTERNS (cont)  Quebec- settled by French; keeps its French heritage  Inuit- Arctic peoples of North America; about 1 million  90% of the people live bet. the U.S./Canada border  Much of Canada is inhospitable  Rugged terrain and bitterly cold  Avg. pop. density = 8 per sq. mi.  Most live in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta

12. MAJOR URBAN AREAS  Toronto = industry and finance  Montreal = industry and shipping  Vancouver = trade b/t Canada and Asia  Edmonton

14. HISTORY and GOVT  Driven by French and English roots, independence and immigration  1400s- John Cabot and Jacques Cartier  1600s- French and British competed  1800s- British and French feared US invasion  1867- Dominion of Canada  Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick  Dominion = partial self governance

15. HISTORY and GOVT (cont)  Independence  1 st attempt 1931  British gov’t kept the right to approve constitutional changes  1982  Canada granted full freedom  Constitutional monarchy established

16. EXPANSION and DIVERSITY  1800s- land from Atlantic to Pacific, and Arctic to US Border  1815-1855- 1 million British settlers  Quebecois- French speaking people of Canada  Klondike Gold Rush  Many Natives booted  1998- Nanavut- “our land”; formal apology

17. MODERN CHALLENGES  NAFTA  Trading bet. US and Canada  Elimination of trade barriers  What to do w/Quebec?  French nationalists want to start a separatist movement  Want independence

18. CULTURE  Official languages: English and French  Religions: Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, Sikhism  Education and Health-Care:  Private and Public  97% literacy rate  Must be in school bet. 6-16 yrs of age  Health-Care- gov’t sponsored

19. THE ARTS  British, French, American, and Native influences  1950s- mass media pushed purchasing of locally produced goods  Early 1900s- art by Natives  Group of Seven- painted the rugged Northern Canadian Landscapes  Writers- Hugh MacLennan & Margaret Lawrence  Toronto- theater and music capital of Canada

20. FAMILY LIFE  One of the wealthiest in the world  High standard of living  70% are married  60% of these have kids  1970s  1 of 10 was 65 or older  Today  1 of 6 is 65 or older  Avg. life expectancy = 80 yrs (highest in world)