1. Muscular System PART II

2. Muscular System PART II
OBJECTIVES
Muscle Movements, Types and Names (pp. 198 – 206)
Define prime mover, antagonist, synergist, and fixator as they relate to muscles.
Identify these types of body movements (from images): flexion/extension, supination/pronation, adduction/abduction, and inversion/eversion
List some criteria used in naming muscles.
Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle (pp. 206 – 219)
Name and locate the major muscles of the human body.
Developmental Aspects (p. 221)
Explain the importance of a nerve supply and exercise in keeping muscles healthy.
Describe the changes that occur in aging muscles.
Systems in Sync (p. 222)
Describe the homeostatic relationship between the muscular system and any one other system.

3. Anterior and Posterior Diagrams *See Text p. 216 and 218

4. What’s in a name? MUSCLES ARE NAMED ACCORDING TO:
Muscle size - Examples: Gluteus maximus vs. Gluteus medius (Incidentally, there is also a Gluteus minimus…)
Muscle shape – Examples: Trapezius and Rhomboideus
Associated bones – Examples: Zygomaticus
Action of the muscle – Example: Masseter and Flexor carpi ulnaris

5. More about names……
Orbicularis - orbit, circular muscle Major/Minor - large/small or sometimes upper and lower Vastus - large Dorsi or Dorsal - backside Infra / Supra - lower and upper Longis / Brevis - long/ short (brief) Medialis / Lateralus - medial (toward the inside), lateral (toward the outside)

6. Major Muscles of the Face and Neck
A. Frontalis
F. Temporalis
G. Obicularis oculi
B. Occipitalis
C. Masseter
H. Zygomaticus
I. Obicularis oris
J. Buccinator
D. Sternocleidomastoid
K. Platysma

7. A Human Body Dissected

8. Major Muscles of the Anterior Trunk
A. Sternocleidomastoid
H. Zygomaticus
B. Pectoralis minor
I. Deltoid
J. Pectoralis major
C. Intercostals
D. Serratus anterior
E. Rectus abdominus
F. Internal oblique
K. External oblique
G. Transversus abdominus

9. Major Muscles of the Posterior Trunk
D. Levator scapulae
A. Trapezius
B. Deltoid
F. Infraspinatus
H. Teres major
C. Latissimus dorsi
I. Rhomboideus

10. Two areas used for intramuscular injections
Deltoid
Gluteus medius

11. Major Muscles of the Lower Arm (Pronated – radius rotated over ulna)
A. Triceps brachii
D. Extensor carpi radialis
B. Flexor carpi ulnaris
(C. and E.) Extensors

12. Major Muscles of the Lower Arm (Supinated – radius and ulna are parallel)
A. Biceps brachii
D. Brachioradialis
E. Flexor carpi radialis
F.-G. various flexors

13. *Define prime mover, antagonist, synergist, and fixator as they relate to muscles.
A prime mover is the muscle that has the major responsibility for causing a movement.
Synergists – reinforce the same movement as the prime mover. If it stabilizes the movement it may be called a fixator.
Antagonists – oppose or reverse a movement.

14. Major Muscles of the Anterior Upper Leg
B. Sartorius
E. Adductors
C. Rectus femoris
D. Vastus lateralis
F. Gracilis
G. Vastus medialis

15. Major Muscles of the Posterior Upper Leg
A. Gluteus medius
B. Gluteus maximus
C. Iliotibial tract
D. Gracilis
E-F. Semitendinosus*
H. Biceps femoris*
G. Gastrocnemius
*E. F. and H. are commonly known as the Hamstrings.

16. Major Muscles of the Lateral Upper Leg
A. Gluteus medius
B. Gluteus maximus
E. Sartorius
F. Rectus femoris
G. Vastus lateralis
C. Biceps femoris

17. Major Muscles of the Lateral Lower Leg
A. Biceps femoris
B. Vastus lateralis
C. Gastrocnemius
E. Tibialis
D. Soleus

18. Muscle Movements

19. Developmental Aspects
1. Embryonic Development
laid down in segments and then nervous tissue develops
Maturation of Muscle Control
cephalic to caudal direction (head to tail)
Babies raise their head, then sit up, and then stand
proximal to distal direction- gross motor skills first, fine motor skills last

20. Aging Effects
atrophy- decrease in muscle tissue, increase in connective tissue over time
muscles become stringier, more sinewy
decreased muscle strength
aging can be delayed (and to a degree reversed) with regular exercise

22. muscle tendon ligament