1. LN# 6 Life Substances

2. How are cells organized? Cells are specialized to do specific jobs. Cells do not work alone. Many thousands of cells make up a tissue. Tissue = a group of cells that work together to perform a specific function. Organs are made of many types of tissue. Muscle Cell Muscle Tissue Organ Organ system Organism

3. What are cells made of? Cells are made of 4 types of macromolecules. Macromolecules are large molecules used by your body. The 4 types of macromolecules are polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins.

4. Macromolecule Structure All macromolecules have the same basic structure. The large molecule (polymer) is made by joining smaller molecules (monomer) together.

5. Polysaccharides Polymer = polysaccharides. Monomer = Monosaccharides. Function = –store energy, – provide structure, – used by cell for identification and building material. Sacchar means sugar. This group of molecules are carbohydrates or sugars.

6. Lipids (fats) Polymer = Lipids Monomer = glycerol and fatty acid tails. Function = –Important part of membranes. –Store energy, one gram of fat stores more than twice as much energy as a gram of carbohydrate. –Protection and cushion of organs. –Insulation.

7. Nucleid Acids Polymer = Nucleic Acids Monomer = Nucleotides Function = –Stores genetic information in the form of a code. –Instruction for making proteins. DNA Nucleotide

8. Proteins Polymer = Proteins Monomer = Amino acids Function = –Speed up chemical reactions (enzymes). –Pump molecules in and out of the cell. –Allows cell to move. –Protect against disease. –Hormones are proteins. Protein being made by the cell.