1. Organisms are made up of carbon-based molecules.
2-2 Organic Compounds
Organisms are made up of carbon-based molecules.

2. A) Organic Chemistry
The element carbon is a component of almost all biological molecules.
Organic chemistry – the study of organic compounds – compounds containing carbon

3. Carbon has 4 valence electrons – this enables it to form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms.
This is what results is a variety of important organic compounds.

4. B) Macromolecules Carbon atoms can be joined to form carbon molecules.
Macromolecules: large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together
Polymers: molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical compounds called monomers that are linked by a series of covalent bonds.

5. Question: How Are Macromolecules Formed?

6. Answer: Dehydration Synthesis
Also called “condensation reaction”
Forms polymers by combining monomers by “removing water”.

7. Question: How are Macromolecules separated or digested?

8. Answer: Hydrolysis
Separates monomers by “adding water”

9. C) Carbohydrates Composed of C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio sugars
Monosaccharide – a simple sugar

10. Simple sugars can be joined to form more complex sugars.
Disaccharide – two monosaccharides joined together.

11. Polysaccharide – ???
Glycogen is an energy storage form of glucose found mainly in the liver and muscle cells.

12. Main function of carbs – energy!!
The body will use glucose as its initial source of energy for life functions.
Carbs can serve as structural components in other organisms.
Cell wall – plants
Hard outer shell of lobster, shrimp, and some insects

13. D) Lipids
Molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen that make up fats, oils and waxes
Composed of fatty acids and glycerol
Six functions of lipids:
1. Long term energy storage
2. Protection against heat loss (insulation)
3. Protection against physical shock
4. Protection against water loss
5. Chemical messengers (hormones)
6. Major component of membranes (phospholipids)

14. Phospholipids – a special lipid that is responsible for the structure and function of cell membranes

15. E) Proteins Compound made of amino acids
Amino acids – small compounds that are made of C, H, O, N
All amino acids share the same general structure

16. There are 20 amino acids
Proteins are made of different combinations of the 20 amino acids
The bonds that join the amino acids together to form proteins are called peptide bonds

17. Protein function: 1—structural support
2– transport substances inside the cells and between cells
3– speed up chemical reactions
4– control cell growth
Involved in nearly every function of your body

18. F) Nucleic Acids
Complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information
Made up of nucleotides –small repeating units made up of C, H, O, N, P
All nucleotides are made up of three units – phosphate, 5 carbon sugar and nitrogenous base

19. There are two types of nucleic acids found in organisms
DNA and RNA

20. Use the following words to create a concept map on Organic Compounds.
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Fats
Oils
Waxes
Glycerol
Fatty acids
Nucleic acids
Nucleotides
Energy
Energy storage
Genetic information
Most functions in the body
Proteins
Amino acids
**Also be sure to include the functions of each group on your map somewhere.