1. Do Now – Section 2.3 1.What element is considered the building block of life? 1.Carbon 2.How many electrons does carbon have available for bonding? 1.4 3.What type of bond does carbon form? 1.Covalent bonds PROJECT DUE NEXT TUESDAY! Objectives: Describe the bonding properties of carbon atoms. - Compare carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

2. Section 2.3 Do Now: List 2 types of nucleic acids? –DNA & RNA What are the monomers of proteins? –Amino acids –Homework: Project due tomorrow! –Extra Credit on Saturday!

3. Section 2.3 1.True 2.False 3.True 4.False 5.Students should sketch one of the following, based on Figure 3.1 in the student text: straight chain, branched chain, or ring. 6.Provide energy 7. starches, sugar 8.Store energy 9.fat, oils 10.source of amino acids 11.beans, meat, nuts 12.map for making proteins 13.DNA, RNA 14.polymer

4. Section 2.4 1.reactants, products; reactants, products 2.chemical bonds 3.Reactants 4.Atoms 5.same rate 6.False 7.True 8.True 9.False 10.False 11.chemical reaction that absorbs more energy than it releases 12.chemical reaction that releases more energy than it absorb 13.amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start 14.substances changed during a chemical reaction 15.substances made by a chemical reaction 16.state reached when reactants and products are made at the same rate 17.amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms

5. Carbon-Based Molecules Section 2.3 Objectives: Describe the bonding properties of carbon atoms. - Compare carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

6. Carbon Compounds What does it mean to be organic? Organic compounds- compounds containing CARBON Carbon >contains 4 valence e - > can form 4 covalent bonds with itself or other elements

7. Large carbon compounds (analogy= necklace) Monomers are simple carbon molecules. Ex. Link in necklace Polymers are molecules made of many monomers. (monomer + monomer = polymer) Ex. Whole necklace Macromolecules are made of many polymers (polymer + polymer = macromolecule) Ex. Multi chain necklace

8. How do Monomers link to form Polymers??? …through condensation reactions (called dehydration synthesis) Dehydration synthesis- chemical reaction in which one monomer donates a hydroxyl (OH-) and the other monomer donates a hydrogen (H) forming water (H 2 O)

11. Hydrolysis – reverse process of dehydrations synthesis or a condensation reaction. (Breakdown of complex mol.)

12. Complete this Dehydration Synthesis Reaction + Answer: + H 2 0

13. Do Now What is the element found in all organic compounds? –Carbon What is the process called that links two monomers together to form a polymer? –Dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction What is removed during the above process? –Water

14. Organic Compounds  There are 4 main classes of organic compounds which are essential to the life processes of all living things.  Carbohydrates  Proteins  Lipids  Nucleic Acids

15. I. Carbohydrates  Elements: C, H, O in 1:2:1 ratio (double hydrogen)  Monosaccharides –monomer of carbs like sugars  Main fuel provider and energy source of living things, used for structures in cells

16. Polysaccharides  Polymer made of 3 or more monosaccharides  Ex. 1. Glycogen (animal starch)  Excess sugar (glycogen) is released from liver when your blood sugar runs low 2. Cellulose (in plants)  Tough, flexible (found in cell wall)  gives plants rigidity & strength.

17. II. Proteins  Elements: C, H, O, N and sometimes sulfur  Monomer = Amino Acids (20 kinds)  For building bones and muscles, as well as cell membranes and enzymes  Foods- Fish, poultry, soy, beans

18. Proteins  Proteins are made of monomers of amino acids  Dipeptides – 2 Amino Acids  Polypeptides- chain of Amino Acids  Enzymes = polypeptides  Peptide Bonds links amino acids together

19. III. Lipids  Elements: C, H (in high ratio) & O  Monomer = 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids  Used to store energy. Important part in biological membranes and waterproof covering  Ex. Fats, oils, waxes –Fatty acids –Complex Lipids  NOT water soluble (do NOT dissolve in water)

20. Fatty Acids 1.Fatty acids – unbranched fatty acid chain makes up most lipids a)Saturated fatty acids have each C always bonded to four other atoms. Max # of Hydrogen atoms b)Unsaturated fatty acids have double/triple bonds between carbons.

21. Phospholipid Open your textbooks to page 45. Draw Figure 3.5 phospholipid. Label the head and the tail. 1.How would the polar head of a phospholipid respond to water molecules? 2.How would the nonpolar tails respond to water molecules?

22. IV. Nucleic Acids  Composed of C, H, O, N and P  Monomer = Nucleotide made of 3 components 1. phosphate group 2. 5-carbon sugar 3. Nitrogen base  Store important information for the cell  Ex. DNA  cellular information RNA  stores/transfers information to make proteins