1. Industrialization Spreads (Ch. 9, Sec. 3)- part 1 1. United States Began to Industrialize 2. Industrialization Changes Way People Work 3. Beginning of Corporations in US

2. What forced the United States to begin to industrialize? US was blockaded from trading with rest of world by Britain (War of 1812) America was forced to industrialize and manufacture its own machine-made goods US had the necessary resources: land, labor, & capital, plus natural resources (iron ore, coal, oil) Despite industrializing, the US remained mostly agricultural until end of Civil War

3. How did industrialization change the way people worked? Industrialization created many factory jobs in the cities (city populations grew-urbanization) The textile industry was the first to develop Inside the factories, young women supplied 80% of labor (Lowell, Mass.) People now worked long hours in factories, as opposed to the long days on the farm Several inventions (telephone & light bulb), major rivers, & railroads also contributed

4. Electric street lights

6. What led to the rise of corporations in the United States? Entrepreneurs sold stock to raise the money needed to run & expand their businesses Stock holders became part owners who earned high profits, but had no voice Large businesses (Standard Oil & Carnegie Steel) became huge corporations & made unbelievable fortunes At the same time, laborers worked long hours & earned low wages

7. Industrialization Spreads (Ch. 9, Sec. 3)- part 2 1. Industrialization in Continental Europe 2. Industrialization Spread Through Europe 3. Effects of Industrialization on the World

8. Smoke stacks polluted the air

9. Where did industrialization spread to first in continental Europe? Belgium had plenty of iron ore, coal, & many fine waterways for transportation A factory worker smuggled the plans for spinning machines & mechanical equipment to Belgium Cockerill & his son’s industrial enterprise produced textiles, steam engines, & locomotives Germany had lots of coal & iron ore, but it was scattered, & caused pockets of industrialization Germany built a railroad system to connect their industries

10. Where did industrialization spread next in Europe? Much of Europe followed, but as in Germany, it was pockets of industrialization Bohemia developed a spinning industry, Spain processed cotton, & Italy produced fine silk In France, agriculture dominated the economy and industrialization was a slow process Some countries, such as Spain & Austria- Hungary, faced transportation obstacles that hindered industrialization

12. What were the overall effects of industrialization on the world? It produced greater global inequality as rich countries became even richer US, Japan, Russia, & Britain all began to use colonies for resources & as new markets Imperialism led to even greater wealth and power for industrialized nations Development of a middle class led to greater opportunities for education & participation in democratic process for all classes