1. The Renaissance and Reformation
CHAPTER 15
4/25/2017
CHAPTER 15
The Renaissance and Reformation
Section 1: The Italian Renaissance
Section 2: The Northern Renaissance
Section 3: The Protestant Reformation
Section 4: The Catholic Reformation
Section 5: Culture and Daily Life

2. The Italian Renaissance
CHAPTER 15
4/25/2017
Section 1:
The Italian Renaissance
Objectives:
Identify the factors that led to the Italian Renaissance and describe the characteristics of Renaissance thought.
Explain how Renaissance writers combined classical teachings and Christian doctrine.
Describe how Renaissance art differed from art of the Middle Ages.

3. The Italian Renaissance
Section 1:
The Italian Renaissance
An Era of Awakening
Causes – ruins of Roman Empire, Byzantines had preserved Greek and Roman learning, trade with Asia and Africa
The humanities – crucial approach to learning, studied classics, admired human achievement

4. Italian Renaissance Writers
Section 1:
The Italian Renaissance
Italian Renaissance Writers
Petrarch – studied classical writers, believed it is important to lead a full and active life here on earth
Machiavelli – lack of concern for conventional morality

5. Italian Renaissance Artists
Section 1:
The Italian Renaissance
Italian Renaissance Artists
Realistic scenes and images instead of religious concerns
Leonardo da Vinci – The Last Supper and Mona Lisa
Michelangelo – Sistine Chapel ceiling

6. The Northern Renaissance
Section 2:
The Northern Renaissance
Objectives:
Explain how the ideas of the Italian Renaissance spread to other parts of Europe.
Describe how northern Renaissance writers differed from Italian humanists.
List the principal characteristics of northern Renaissance art.

7. The Northern Renaissance
Section 2:
The Northern Renaissance
The Spread of Ideas
Johannes Gutenberg – used movable type to print books, copies of Bible

8. Northern Renaissance Writers
Section 2:
The Northern Renaissance
Northern Renaissance Writers
Desiderius Erasmus – studied early Christian as well as classical culture
Thomas More – Utopia
William Shakespeare – transformed well-known stories into dramatic masterpieces

9. Northern Renaissance Artists
Section 2:
The Northern Renaissance
Northern Renaissance Artists
Great attention to detail, facial expressions
Realistic human figures and subject matter

10. The Protestant Reformation
Section 3:
The Protestant Reformation
Objectives:
Discuss the developments that led to the Reformation.
Describe how Martin Luther protested against the Roman Catholic Church and began a new church.
Identify the factors that caused the spread of Protestantism.
Explain the role that Calvinism played in the Reformation.

11. The Protestant Reformation
Section 3:
The Protestant Reformation
An Era of Reform
Causes – humanists urged believers who were unhappy with traditional religion to withdraw from the church and meet with like-minded people
The beginning – popes sold indulgences to raise money

12. The Protestant Reformation
Section 3:
The Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther
Luther’s protest – publicly challenged the selling of indulgences in 95 theses
Break with the church – Pope Leo X ex-communicated Luther, Diet of Worms
Protestantism – the princes supporting Luther protested the emperor’s treatment of him

13. The Spread of Protestantism
Section 3:
The Protestant Reformation
The Spread of Protestantism
The rise of sects – societies of a few people led by a preacher
The Anglican Church – Henry VIII’s desire for a divorce caused him to create the Church of England which did grant the divorce

14. The Protestant Reformation
Section 3:
The Protestant Reformation
Calvinism
Calvin’s church – The Institutes of the Christian Religion emphasized predestination, righteous living
Calvinism spreads – Huguenots in France, minorities in Poland, Hungary, Scotland, Netherlands, England, North American colonies

15. The Catholic Reformation
Section 4:
The Catholic Reformation
Objectives:
Describe how the Catholic Church responded to the Reformation.
Discuss the results of the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation.

16. The Counter-Reformation
Section 4:
The Catholic Reformation
The Counter-Reformation
Counter-Reformation tactics – inquisition, Index of Forbidden Books
The Council of Trent – clarified doctrines, emphasized ceremonies
Soldiers of the Counter-Reformation – Jesuits founded by Ignatius de Loyola

17. Results of the Religious Upheaval
Section 4:
The Catholic Reformation
Results of the Religious Upheaval
Diversity of churches appeared
Education grew
National governments gained more power

18. Culture and Daily Life Objectives: Section 5:
Explain why Europeans believed in superstitions.
Describe the characteristics of daily life that were typical in Europe during the Reformation.
Explain how knowledge spread to European villages.
Identify the factors that caused changes in the daily lives of Europeans.

19. Culture and Daily Life Superstitions Section 5:
The world of spirits – believed God was a distant, unknowable force; people looked for explanations of and control over daily life
Belief in witchcraft – wise people who gave explanations were witches

20. Culture and Daily Life Daily Life Section 5:
Forms of recreation – people came together to drink, sew, do simple chores, or tell stories
Violence and protest in the village – close-knit communities; quarrels were common

21. The Spread of Knowledge
Section 5:
Culture and Daily Life
The Spread of Knowledge
Books for the masses – broadsides, almanacs
Religious ideas and education – printed books became available, primary schools were founded

22. Culture and Daily Life Changes in Daily Life Section 5:
The economy – standard of living rose for some
Diet – new spices and vegetables
Housing – people moved from country to cities; had only necessities
Decline of traditional culture – rational thinking more widespread