1. Finding a New World Chapter 1

2. Discovering a New Continent  __________________sailed the ocean blue in 1492.  His three ships were the ________, the ________, and the ____________________.  Columbus discovered an island in the _____________ in South America (much debate over which island he actually discovered).  He believed he had reached the Far East of the _________________.  He named the natives there ___________________.

3. The New World Before Columbus  The first Americans were the Indians. They were NOT a unified group, but were divided into hundreds of __________or ___________ each with their own ___________, ___________, _______ or ________. Some Indians were _____________. They constantly moved hunting for fish, game, and wild plants. Other Indians settled and __________ the land. The three groups of Indians that built large civilizations were the ______________, the ___________, and the _________________.

4. The Mayan Civilization  Located on the _______________Peninsula of Mexico and in Guatemala, the Mayans flourished around A.D. 300-900.  They were great________________.  They developed a system of ____________and ____________, unlike other groups of Indians.  They studied the ________ and the ________.

5. The Aztecs  They were fierce ____________.  They built their civilization in ___________.  The capital city Tenochtitlan was a beautiful city with large plazas, pyramid temples, and adobe houses.  Over ____________people lived in the city upon the arrival of the first Europeans.

6. The Incas  They built their city in the mountainous region of____________.  Their ruler, called the ________, was worshiped as a god.  Like the other two groups, they also were excellent builders.  They also produced fine_____________, ____________, and _____________.

7. White Men Before Columbus  No one knows for sure who the first European group to discover the Americas, but a few theories exist, for example: ______________sailed over before the birth of Christ. A ______________ during the Middle Ages settled among the Indians. (Blue eyed Indians) _______________ monks visited America over a thousand years ago.

8. What does the Evidence Suggest?  ___________came to America around A.D. 1000.  ____________ founded America and called it “Vinland.”  Although the Vikings came to America during this time, the rest of Europe was completely unaware of it’s existence.

9. Columbus’s Contribution  Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas with the support of ___________and ______________of Spain.  Columbus refused to believe he had discovered a new world, but insisted that he had sailed to the Orient in the far east.  ________________was the first to suggest that these new lands were not the East.  ________________was honored with his findings by have the New World named after him, America.

10. Claiming a New World  Spanish Conquests _________________: Crossed the Isthmus of Panama. _________________: Circumnavigated the earth for the first time. _________________: Spanish conquerors  ______________: Conquered the mighty Aztecs.  ___________________: Conquered the Inca empire in Peru.

11. Territorial Conflict between Portugal and Spain.  Both Spain and Portugal were making discoveries in the New World and conflict was bound to happen. Both nations were ________________therefore, the church settled the disputes. _________________divided the world in half. Portugal could explore anything east of the line and Spain West.

12. English Rivalry  Tension between Spain and England rose during the 1500s.  ____________: a group of bold and daring English sea captains who attacked the Spanish ships.  _________________: one of the most famous Sea Dogs and the favorite of Queen Elizabeth I. He was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the earth.

13. Reasons Spain didn’t like the English  England was______________; Spain was Roman Catholic.  England _________________their ships and stole their gold and silver.  The English defeated the “__________________” in 1588. Making England the “Mistress of the Seas”.  Effect: Gave a Protestant Nation the opportunity to settle what would become the United States.

14. French Activity  Focused on North America  ________________: found the St. Lawrence River.  ________________: claimed the Mississippi River.  They called the land_______________.

15. Reasons the French colonies did not grow significantly in Population.  __________ of quick riches or prosperous farms limited the number of settlers interested in making the trip.  The _________ control by the French government and the lack of self-rule in the colonies discouraged colonization.  The French also limited colonization to Catholics, making it impossible for skilled ____________to settle in the New World.

16. Huguenots  ______________________who were forced to flee France because of religious persecution.

17. English Come to Stay  English began to explore the eastern coast what is now the___________________.  John Cabot: claimed the __________________ in 1497 & 1498.

18. The Lost Colony  Sir Walter Raleigh: attempted to colonize Roanoke Island, but failed.  Virginia Dare was the first English baby born in the New World.  The settlers were most likely taken captive by Croatoan Indians.

19. Jamestown  The first _________________, English colony.  Named after their king at the time James I.  Led by________________.

20. The first Representative Government  ______________________: the first representative government in America.