1. More on auxiliaries EG, Lessons 35-37: “Combining Auxiliaries,” “The Suffixes of Auxiliary Verbs,” & “Tense”

2. Combining Auxiliaries

3. SSWBAT: 1.Demonstrate it’s possible for a sentence to have more than one auxiliary. You should have called earlier. Next month, Jim and Julie will have been dating for two years.

4. SSWBAT: 2.List the order of the auxiliaries in a verb phrase. (review) TENSE (MODAL) (PERFECT) (PROGRESSIVE) TENSE (MODAL) (Have + [-en]) (Be + [-ing])

5. Order of auxiliaries

6. SSWBAT: 3.State the name for a verb phrase that is marked for both the perfect and the progressive aspect. The perfect progressive

7. SSWBAT: 4.Identify the following components within the AUX of a sentence’s VP: –The modal –The past or present perfect –The past or present progressive

8. Identify the parts of AUX They will be hearing a speaker next Friday. They will be hearing a speaker next Friday. Modal + progressive They have already heard two other speakers.

9. Identify the parts of AUX They have already heard two other speakers. Present perfect Jake and Julie have been taking dance lessons.

10. Identify the parts of AUX Jake and Julie have been taking dance lessons. Present perfect progressive Dave had been looking for a new car.

11. Identify the parts of AUX Dave had been looking for a new car. Past perfect progressive

12. Review 1.Demonstrate that a sentence can have more than one auxiliary. 2.List the order of the auxiliaries in the MVP. 3.State the name of MVP that is marked for the perfect and progressive.

13. Review 4.Identify: modal, past or present perfect, past or present progressive We should have been there by now. We had been driving for three hours when the baby finally fell asleep.

14. The Suffixes of Auxiliary Verbs

15. SSWBAT: 1.Name the suffix that accompanies have to mark the perfect. State its usual forms. The past participle (happened before another time) -ed or -en

16. SSWBAT: 2.Prove that the past participle form of a verb can be different from its simple past form. –(Many verbs use the same form for both: Sarah hugged her little cousin. Sarah has hugged her little cousin before.)

17. Simple past & past participle ate, eaten--I have eaten already. saw, seen--We have seen this before. did, done--Jake has done the dishes. went, gone--They have gone to class. was/were, been--Julie has been there.

18. SSWBAT: 3.Name the suffix that accompanies be to mark the progressive. State its only form. Present participle (happening then) -ing

19. SSWBAT: 4.State the form auxiliaries or main verbs take when immediately preceded by a modal. The infinitive (unmarked, basic) form. You should come. He should be arriving soon.

20. SSWBAT: 1.Name the suffix used with have to mark the perfect. 2.Prove that past participle form of a verb can be different from its simple past. 3.Name the suffix used with be to mark the progressive. 4.Name the form the AUX or MV takes when it is immediately preceded by a modal.

21. SSWBAT: 5.Create a sentence for each of the following configurations of AUX: a)Modal Jake might be late.

22. SSWBAT: b)Past perfect Sarah had told me that. c)Present perfect Julie has forgotten her pen.

23. SSWBAT: d)Modal + perfect Dave might have written that. e)Past progressive Julie was talking to a friend.

24. SSWBAT: f)Present progressive Julie is talking to a friend. g)Modal + progressive Julie could be talking to a friend.

25. SSWBAT: h)Past perfect progressive Julie had been talking to a friend. i)Present perfect progressive Julie has been talking to a friend.

26. SSWBAT: j)Modal + perfect progressive Julie may have been talking to a friend.

27. Review 5.Create a sentence that contains: a modal + perfect present progressive past perfect progressive modal + perfect progressive

28. SSWBAT: 6.Define gerund. Verb + -ing functioning as a NOUN. Reading is one of Dave’s hobbies. Dave enjoys reading. Jake likes singing in the collegiate choir.

29. SSWBAT: 7.Provide two example sentences that each include a gerund. –Writing a good paper takes effort. –Many people struggle with memorizing. –After smiling, the baby started to coo.

30. SSWBAT: 8.Distinguish a gerund from a verb with progressive aspect. –Writing a good paper takes effort. –Jake is writing a paper. –His favorite pastime is writing. (Note!)

31. Gerund versus progressive Jake is writing a paper. –Jake is doing something! Progressive His favorite pastime is writing. –No one is doing anything. –Linking verb + predicate nominative/ gerund

32. Review 6.Define gerund. 7.Provide 2 sentences that each include a gerund. 8.Distinguish a gerund from the progressive. We are making good progress. His life-long hobby has been painting.

33. Tense

34. SSWBAT: 1.Prove that a grammatical tense does not necessarily match real world time by using (a) the present progressive and (b) the simple present to refer to a future time.

35. Present to express future I am going to mow the yard tomorrow. Her fiancé leaves Sunday morning. We’re spending Thanksgiving at my parents’home. She sings at church every weekend.

36. SSWBAT: 2.Provide two sentences that prove that modals are not visibly marked for tense. Julie may/might have been at Sarah’s party last night.

37. Modals don’t show tense. I will give her a call now. I would give her a call now, but I don’t think she’d want to talk to me. They can/could go with us next Thursday.

38. SSWBAT: 3.Show that tense is marked on the first word in the MVP. (Remember tense is not visible on modals.)

39. Tense on 1st word in MVP We had been planning to leave yesterday. *We have were planning to leave yesterday. *We should had been planning this earlier.

40. Review 1.Prove grammatical tense may not match real time. 2.Provide two sentences that show modals are not visibly marked for tense. 3.Show tense is marked on the first member of the MVP.

41. SSWBAT: 4.Name the two tenses that exist in English. Present & past

42. Be is the most visibly marked verb for tense. Present be; past be forms: –am, are, is; was, were Future be? –Nothing. Use infinitive (+ modal).

43. SSWBAT: 5.Show how the simple present and past are typically marked on MVs. Try work: I/you/she/we/they __ hard. –Present: -s only on third person singular –Past: -ed on all persons

44. SSWBAT: 6.List at least 3 verbs that take irregular past forms. Eat, ate; bite, bit; sit, sat; hear, heard; go, went; set, set; make, made; tell, told; say, said; feed, fed; do, did; etc.

45. SSWBAT: 7.Illustrate two ways future time is marked in English. Modal will (or be going to). (MV-- infinitive form) –We are going to/will leave after class. –I’ll tell you later.

46. Ways to mark future time Adverb or adverbial phrase reveals the time is in the future. –They graduate this coming May. –We’re meeting to work on our presentation after class.

47. SSWBAT: 8.Demonstrate how English marks future time on verbs in the perfect, progressive, and perfect progressive. Perfect: I have finished. We will have finished (before you). Modal required!

48. Future time with aspect Progressive: We are practicing our presentation. We will/are going to be practicing our presentation. Modal. We are practicing our presentation on Sunday. Adverbial phrase

49. Future time with aspect Perfect progressive: I have been reading for three hours. When the clock strikes six, I will have been reading for three hours. Modal required! Adverbial phrase/clause is very helpful.

50. Review 4.Name the two verb tenses in English. 5.Show how the simple present and simple past tenses are typically marked on MVs. 6.List 3 verbs that have an irregular past tense form.

51. Review 7.Illustrate two ways English marks future time. 8.Demonstrate how future time is shown on MVPs in (a) the perfect, (b) the progressive, and (c) the perfect progressive aspect forms.