1. Urban Settlement Patterns

2. Urban Settlement
Urbanization - the process by which an area changes from being rural to being urban. It includes a great increase in population density and includes expansion of urban functions like manufacturing and services

3. Urban Settlement
Urbanization occurred because of changes in the economy
agricultural machinery was developed
More jobs were created
Rural residents moved into the towns
Immigrants moved to cities

4. What Contributes to a City’s Growth?
The four main reasons that contributed to a city’s growth are: 1. Manufacturing - manufacturing made sense because there were raw materials (mainly agricultural) that could be used. Markets were also interested in buying the products of the factories - some of these customers were local and others were outside the area and received it by rail

5. What Contributes to a City’s Growth?
2. Transportation - railways were constructed and allowed people to move to and from the town. It also encouraged the growth of manufacturing

6. What Contributes to a City’s Growth?
3. Resource Use - clay and mineral deposits led directly to the existence of a town or city. 4. The multiplier effect is a result (ie. a new brick factory opens and employs 100 workers). These workers and their families need housing, schools, stores, banks, restaurants, medical facilities, and other services. In order to supply these, perhaps 900 other workers and their families would come to live in the rapidly growing city. As a result 1200 people would be added to the population because of the 100 jobs opening up in the new factory.

7. In Response to Growth…
Service Centre - there is a hierarchy of urban services. A small town will offer a grocery store, a post office, an elementary school. A larger town will offer shopping, a hospital, and a high school. Very large cities will offer television production, large universities, specialized hospitals, and entertainments (sports teams or opera companies)

8. Urban Hierarchy There has been significant movement of people in
Canada between urban and rural areas over time. In
most cases, people in rural areas live in a hamlet,
village, or town. People in urban areas live in a
suburb, city, or metropolis. These different types of
places to live are known as the urban hierarchy
(each one is a larger settlement going up the line
than the one before it).

9. hamlet village town suburb city metropolis
Urban Hierarchy
hamlet village town suburb city metropolis

10. Counter-Urbanization
Urbanization is the movement of people UP the urban hierarchy. Counter-urbanization is the movement of people DOWN the urban hierarchy (metropolis→ hamlet). While our cities are still getting larger, some people are choosing to move away from cities.
In general, there are now three categories of people living in rural areas.
Newcomers - retain ties to urban core, younger, well educated, well off, managers/professionals
Homecomers - young families returning to provide rural upbringing to children
Ruralites – have never lived in an urban centre

11. Why are people leaving the cities to live in smaller towns and villages?
health issues, security, “community”
“back to nature” movement (desire to live in the country)
increase in telecommuting (less need to be at an office)
cheaper land and house prices

12. Suburbia
A suburb is a residential area on the outskirts of a city (or some distance from the city core/CBD).
Suburbs are usually less densely populated and proliferate around a city.
When rail and road transport became more efficient, suburbs became popular.
Post WWII economic expansion led to the explosion of “Suburbia”.

13. Would you consider Suburbia to be a rural community?
Why or Why not?

14. As you watch the Canadian Film, Radiant City, take note of the following:
- What is Suburbia?
- The +/- to living in Suburbia
- Suburban Statistics
Using your notes, prepare a *one-page response to the film briefly discussing the pros and cons of suburban life and it’s sustainability.