1. Problem Based learning Workshop Val Wass

2. Workshop objectives  Assess prior knowledge of problem based learning  Understand how a student feels when given a case  Describe basic learning theories underpinning PBL  Identify learning outcomes for an undergraduate case  Write a PBL case  Carry out the process of a PBL group  Reflect on learning and unresolved issues

3. Workshop objectives  Assess prior knowledge of problem based learning

4. Task 1: In groups: What do you know about Problem Based Learning ?

5. Workshop objectives  Assess prior knowledge of problem based learning  Understand how a student feels when given a case

6. The seven steps Session one: 1: Clarifying terms: What words do you not understand? 2: Define the problems: What has to be solved ? 3: Analyse these problems: Brainstorm the issues Use prior knowledge Use prior knowledge 4: Summarise the issues to form coherent themes 5: Set learning objectives: i.e. questions to look up & answer 6: Individual study Session two: 7: Discussion and resolution of problems

7. The seven steps Session one: 1: Clarifying terms: 2: Define the problems: 3: Analyse these problems: 4: Summarise the issues to form coherent themes 5: Set learning objectives: 6: Individual study Session two: 7: Discussion and resolution of problems

8. The History of PBL McMaster University (Canada) 1965 the first PBL Maastricht University (Netherlands) 1979 ‘purer’ PBL 1994 Manchester First UK medical school to introduce PBL as a major learning strategy and to continue it throughout clinical years.

9. Workshop objectives  Assess prior knowledge of problem based learning  Understand how a student feels when given a case  Describe basic learning theories underpinning PBL

10. Problem based learning Empiricism:Tabulae rosae Bacon, Locke, Hume

11. Problem based learning Empiricism: Bucket theory of the mind Popper 1979

12. Problem based learning Rationalism: Knowledge can not be actively transferred. The learner has to actively master it Education is not the filling of the pail but the lighting of a fire W.B.Yeats

13. Problem Based Learning Shorttermmemory Long term memory Scaffoldknowledgeinworking memory memory

14. Problem based learning Activate Prior knowledge

15. The seven steps 1: Clarifying terms: What words do you not understand? 2: Define the problems: What has to be solved ? 3: Analyse these problems: Brainstorm the issues Use prior knowledge Use prior knowledge

16. Problem based learning Elaborate Identify gaps in knowledge

17. The seven steps 4: Summarising the issues to form coherent themes

18. Problem based learning Intrinsic motivation to find the answers Puts learning in context

19. The seven steps 5: Set learning objectives: 6: Individual study Empowering students to learn for themselves

20. The seven steps Session two: 7: Discussion and resolution of problems Metacognitive skills: Evaluation and team work

21. Workshop objectives  Assess prior knowledge of problem based learning  Understand how a student feels when given a case  Describe basic learning theories underpinning PBL  Identify learning outcomes for an undergraduate case

22. A plumber is visiting a doctor and explains “I woke up this morning and, when I was coughing, “I woke up this morning and, when I was coughing, I had blood in my mouth I am really concerned because in the last two weeks this has happened more than once. more than once.

23. The seven steps Session one: 1: Clarifying terms: 2: Define the problems: 3: Analyse these problems: 4: Summarise the issues to form coherent themes 5: Set learning objectives: 6: Individual study Session two: 7: Discussion and resolution of problems

24. Workshop objectives  Assess prior knowledge of problem based learning  Understand how a student feels when given a case  Describe basic learning theories underpinning PBL  Identify learning outcomes for an undergraduate case  Write a PBL case

25. Set learning objectives (3-4) and write a problem for an undergraduate student which will guide and motivate them to identify, follow up and achieve the intended learning outcomes.

26. Workshop objectives  Assess prior knowledge of problem based learning  Understand how a student feels when given a case  Describe basic learning theories underpinning PBL  Identify learning outcomes for an undergraduate case  Write a PBL case  Carry out the process of a PBL group

27. PBL FIRST TUTORIAL Individual work SECOND TUTORIAL Define problem and set learning needs Pool answers and solve problem

28. Open the case: group discussion 1.Clarify terms (any unfamiliar?) 2.Define the problem (list them) 3.Brainstorm possible explanations 4.Arrange explanations into tentative solutions 5.Define learning objectives and requisite experience.

29. tutor scribe Chair person

30. Close case group discussion 7. Discuss result of private study 8. Agree resolution of problem.

31. Workshop objectives  Assess prior knowledge of problem based learning  Understand how a student feels when given a case  Describe basic learning theories underpinning PBL  Identify learning outcomes for an undergraduate case  Write a PBL case  Carry out the process of a PBL group  Reflect on learning and unresolved issues

32. Thank you

33. What are the strengths of Problem Based Learning?

34. Strengths of PBL Students take responsibility for learning Recognises prior knowledge and tries to link in with this Encourages motivation and curiosity Encourages searching and reasoning skills Learn how to learn, not just current facts (which go out of date)

35. What are the weaknesses of Problem Based Learning ?

36. Problems with PBL Need help to make transition to self directed learners Need clear learning goals Need to provide opportunities to learn skills Need very good facilitation from tutor PBL fatigue and short-cuts Psychosocial aspects