1. THE COLD WAR COMES TO AN END Modern World History

2. Destalinization  Stalin dies in 1953  Nikita Khrushchev named Premier  Denounces the jailing/execution of Soviet citizens  Monuments to Stalin torn down  Stalingrad renamed Volgograd

3. Not Tough Enough  Hungary & Czechoslovakia attempt Revolutions  Khrushchev & Brezhnev put down revolutions violently  Tanks & Infantry restore pro- Soviet governments

4. Detente  Détente: foreign policy that sought to ease relations with the Communist world by increasing diplomatic, commercial, and cultural contact with Cold War enemies  Nixon to China (Feb. 1972)  Nixon: “we want the Chinese with us when we sit down and negotiate with the Russians.”  Strategic Arms Limitation Talks  SALT (May 1972)  Signed by Nixon & Brezhnev  Helsinki Accords limit ICBMs  Signed in Aug. 1975  33 UN nations sign

5. The Evil Empire Crumbles  Mikhail Gorbachev (1985)  Young (54)  Promoted Glasnost Openness, the free-flow of ideas and information Churches reopened, censorship relaxed, prisoners released, etc  Promoted Perestroika Economic restructuring Goal: improve efficiency Goal: productivity  Promoted Democratic Reforms Result: election of new legislature

6. The Evil Empire Crumbles  Ethnic Tensions Boil Over  Baltic Nations authority March 1990 Gorbi institutes economic sanctions Troops kills 14 & wounds 100s Jan. 1991 Yeltsin criticizes Gorbi’s use of force

7. The Evil Empire Crumbles  August Coup Fails (1991)  Hardliners – fearful of losing control  Military detains Gorbi in the Black Sea  Tanks roll into Moscow  Yeltsin leads popular opposition  Military unwilling to fire on citizens  Gorbi returns & resigns  Communist Parliament votes to end control  15 Soviets declare independence Dec. 1991