1. Ratification of the Constitution Chapter 5, section 3

2. Federalists and Antifederalists Delegates spent four months drafting the Constitution When the draft was printed in newspapers, people were shocked, having expected only a change to the A’s of C Supporters and opponents battle over controversies which threaten to tear apart the country

3. Controversies Each state had to hold a convention for ratification Ratification required the approval of nine states The system bypassed the state legislatures

4. Supporters were known as Federalists Opponents were known as Antifederalists Federalists insisted that division of powers and the system of checks and balances would protect Americans Antifederalists countered with a long list of possible abuses of power Arguments centered on the lack of protection of human rights

5. Opposing Forces Federalist leaders included Washington, Madison, and Hamilton Antifederalist leaders included Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, and Richard Henry Lee The Federalist was a series of essays defending the Constitution, appeared under the pseudonym Publius, but written by Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay The Federalist Papers The Federalist Papers

8. The Bill of Rights The U.S. Constitution contained no guarantee that the government would protect the rights of the people or states Antifederalists argued that the Constitution needed a national bill of rights The Federalists concede and promise the addition of a Bill of Rights

9. Ratification Delaware was first in December of 1787 New Hampshire becomes the ninth in June of 1788 Virginia and New York had not voted, and would be necessary for the new country to work Used the Federalist in N.Y. to persuade public opinion

10. Bill of Rights In September 1789, Congress submitted 12 amendments to the state legislatures for ratification 10 were ratified 1-8 list specific rights, 9-10 imposed general limits on power Native Americans and Slaves were excluded

11. Test Questions Why did the Articles of Confederation create such a weak national government? A. the failure of strong governments in Europe B. Washington’s belief it was best for the people C. experience with England’s strong national government D. the belief the 2nd Continental Congress was too powerful

12. The purpose of most of the first ten amendments to the Constitution is to A. outline the powers given to each of the three branches of government. B. state how much power the states keep under the Constitution. C. put on paper the primary goals for creating a new government. D. prevent the national government’s abusing citizens’ rights.

13. Whose proposal brought about the Great Compromise? A. John Jay B. James Madison C. Thomas Jefferson D. Roger Sherman

14. An example of a CONCURRENT power is to A. coin money. B. declare war. C. tax. D. conduct foreign relations.

15. Unit II The Declaration of Independence MOST likely reflects the thinking of A. Sir Isaac Newton B. King George III C. John Locke D. George Washington

16. Unit I If were attempting to organize a joint-stock company in England, which statement would attract investors? A. “If we form a company, we will be able to build enough ships to control the seas.” B. “Forming this company will be a way of guaranteeing religious freedom for all.” C. “Together we will be able to share the expenses and rewards of founding a colony.” D. “If we work together, we can increase trading opportunities with Asian nations.”