1. 1.3 Lektion 1 F ü hlen und erleben STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 1.3-1 Nominative and accusative cases; pronouns and possessive adjectives Nominative and accusative cases The definite article (der, die, das, or die) that goes with each German noun tells the gender (masculine, feminine, or neuter), as well as the number (singular or plural) of the noun. The case of the noun or pronoun depends on the role it plays in the sentence. The definite and indefinite articles and the personal pronouns change according to the case of the noun.

2. 1.3 Lektion 1 F ü hlen und erleben STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 1.3-2 Nominative and accusative cases; pronouns and possessive adjectives German has four cases: nominative, accusative, dative, and genitive. This section presents the nominative and accusative cases. The subject of the sentence performs the action and is in the nominative case. The direct object is the receiver of the action and is in the accusative case. NominativeVerbAccusative Die Frau The woman sucht is looking for ihren Mann. her husband.

3. 1.3 Lektion 1 F ü hlen und erleben STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 1.3-3 Nominative and accusative cases; pronouns and possessive adjectives The table below shows the form of definite and indefinite articles of nouns in the nominative case. These nouns can be replaced by the corresponding pronoun. Nominative definite articleindefinite articlepronoun Masculineder Mannein Manner Femininedie Hochzeiteine Hochzeitsie Neuterdas Festein Festes Pluraldie Geschenkesie

4. 1.3 Lektion 1 F ü hlen und erleben STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 1.3-4 Nominative and accusative cases; pronouns and possessive adjectives Der Mann ist normalerweise pessimistisch, aber er heiratete trotzdem! The man is usually pessimistic, but he got married anyway! Die Witwe in meiner Nachbarschaft ist nett. Sie gibt den Kindern Kuchen. The widow in my neighborhood is nice. She gives cake to the children.

5. 1.3 Lektion 1 F ü hlen und erleben STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 1.3-5 Nominative and accusative cases; pronouns and possessive adjectives ACHTUNG! In English, nouns that dont refer to people can always be replaced by the pronoun it. In German, the pronoun must correspond to the gender of the noun it replaces. Der Wagen ist viel zu teuer. The car is much too expensive. Er ist viel zu teuer. It is much too expensive.

6. 1.3 Lektion 1 F ü hlen und erleben STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 1.3-6 Nominative and accusative cases; pronouns and possessive adjectives Masculine singular nouns in the accusative case require a change in the article and the pronoun. Accusative definite articleindefinite articlepronoun Masculineden Manneinen Mannihn Femininedie Hochzeiteine Hochzeitsie Neuterdas Festein Festes Pluraldie Geschenkeseidsie

7. 1.3 Lektion 1 F ü hlen und erleben STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 1.3-7 Nominative and accusative cases; pronouns and possessive adjectives Kennst du den Professor? Nein, ich kenne ihn nicht. Do you know the professor? No, I dont know him. Hast du die Geschenke von gestern? Ja, ich habe sie bei mir zu Hause. Do you have the gifts from yesterday? Yes, I have them at home.

8. 1.3 Lektion 1 F ü hlen und erleben STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 1.3-8 Nominative and accusative cases; pronouns and possessive adjectives ACHTUNG! The accusative case is also used after the phrase es gibt. Es gibt gute Restaurants in Berlin. There are good restaurants in Berlin.

9. 1.3 Lektion 1 F ü hlen und erleben STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 1.3-9 Nominative and accusative cases; pronouns and possessive adjectives Definite articles belong to a group of words known as der-words. The group includes dies- (this), jed- (each), welch- (which), and solch- (such a). The ein-words include kein and the possessive adjectives mein, dein, sein, unser, euer, ihr, Ihr. All words in these two groups (der-words and ein-words) require the same case endings as der and ein, respectively.

10. 1.3 Lektion 1 F ü hlen und erleben STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 1.3-10 Nominative and accusative cases; pronouns and possessive adjectives Der- and ein-words declension Der-wordsEin-words NominativeAccusativeNominativeAccusative Masculinedieserdiesenmeinmeinen Femininediese meine Neuterdieses mein Pluraldiese meine Dieses Buch gefällt mir nicht. Es ist zu langweilig. Ich möchte mein Buch lesen. I dont like this book. Its too boring. I want to read my book.

11. 1.3 Lektion 1 F ü hlen und erleben STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 1.3-11 Nominative and accusative cases; pronouns and possessive adjectives In questions, the proper form of the question word also depends on the case. NominativeAccusative Was? What? Wer? Who?Wen? Whom? Was macht die Frau? What is the woman doing? Wen siehst du? Whom do you see?

12. 1.3 Lektion 1 F ü hlen und erleben STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 1.3-12 Nominative and accusative cases; pronouns and possessive adjectives The nominative case is used for nouns following the verbs sein, werden, and bleiben. Der Student ist auch der Präsident vom Deutschklub. The student is also the president of the German Club.

13. 1.3 Lektion 1 F ü hlen und erleben STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 1.3-13 Nominative and accusative cases; pronouns and possessive adjectives ACHTUNG! Note that the nominative case is used after sein, werden, and bleiben only with predicate nouns (nouns that refer to the subject of the sentence). When any of these verbs is followed by a time expression, the expression takes the accusative case. Wir bleiben einen Monat in Berlin. We are staying in Berlin for a month.

14. 1.3 Lektion 1 F ü hlen und erleben STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 1.3-14 Nominative and accusative cases; pronouns and possessive adjectives Pronouns and possessive adjectives Nominative and accusative personal pronouns replace nouns and must agree in number and case with the person or item to which they refer. Possessive adjectives show to whom something belongs or how two people or items are related to each other. Personal pronouns NominativeAccusative ich du er sie es wir ihr sie Sie mich me dich you ihn him sie her es it uns us euch you sie them Sie you

15. 1.3 Lektion 1 F ü hlen und erleben STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 1.3-15 Nominative and accusative cases; pronouns and possessive adjectives Possessive adjectives mein my dein your sein his ihr her sein its unser our euer your ihr their Ihr your Ich sehe ihn. I see him. Maria ruft ihren Bruder nie an. Maria never calls her brother.

16. 1.3 Lektion 1 F ü hlen und erleben STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 1.3-16 Nominative and accusative cases; pronouns and possessive adjectives ACHTUNG! When adding an ending to euer, drop the second e. Ist das euer Hund? Is that your dog? Ich sehe euren Hund. I see your dog.