2. China since 1945 From 1945 to 1949 China was involved in a civil war
In 1949 the Communists win and establish the People’s Republic of China
Mao becomes the leader of China
Mao Tse-tung

3. China since 1945
Mao declared that China was against imperialism, feudalism, bureaucracy and democracy
He had many plans to change China and immediately put them into action
His new government enacted many plans to fix problems such as inflation and low production

4. Mao’s Plans for China The Great Leap Forward
Created communes (self-sufficient settlements containing farms and industries)
They did not work at all: production fell, life was difficult, China experienced bad weather, rewards were limited
The plan was abandoned after two years
“Long live the general direction! Long live the Great Leap Forward! Long live the People’s Commune!”

5. Mao’s Plans for China
After the failure of the Great Leap Forward Mao attempted a Cultural Revolution
The goal of the Cultural Revolution was to change the old order and establish a new socialist society
The Red Guard (young men and women) would enforce the policies of the revolution

6. Mao’s Plans For China
The revolution was to destroy the four olds: old ideology, old thoughts, old habits and old customs
Those who opposed Mao were publicly punished
Farm production fell, factory work stopped and schools closed
As a result there was no economy, many people had left and there was no education
It was an enormous failure and Mao ended it in 1969

7. Answer the following
Why would the people of China still support Mao after two very large failures?
Take a few moments to think about why the people might still be behind Mao.
Can you think of any examples in our history of when a president has a great failure and we still support him?

8. Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
commitment to revolution and “class struggle”
power struggle to succeed Mao
Phase I: the rise and fall of “red guards”
Phase II: the rise and fall of Lin Biao
Phase III: the rise and fall of the “Gang of Four”

9. Phase I: Red Guards ( )

10. Phase I: Red Guards (1966-69) Purge of party squads
Deng Xiaoping
Purge of intellectuals

11. Phase II: Lin Biao ( )
the assumed successor to Mao Zedong (tse-tung)
In 1971 Lin allegedly tried but failed
to assassinate Mao
had to flee to Soviet Union
His departure eroded the
credibility of the entire leadership

12. Phase III: the “Gang of Four”
1972 – 1976
power struggle between
the radical “Gang of Four”, led by Jiang Qing, Mao’s wife
Goal continue Cultural revolution…failed when Mao dies and his power is gone…gang of 4 put on trial and convicted….Dang Xiaoping takes power

13. Diplomatic Breakthrough
1971, PRC became the representative of China in UN (replaced ROC)

14. Diplomatic Breakthrough
1972, President Nixon visited Beijing

15. Mao and Zhou Died in 1976 Turning point in China’s postwar era
“Gang of Four” were arrested
End of the Cultural Revolution

16. Mao’s legacies

17. Reforms and Opening up
The 3rd Plenum of the 11th CCP Central Committee in 1978
Deng Xiaoping’s ascendancy
economic modernization became focus
US-PRC diplomatic relations in 1979

18. China since 1945 Mao dies in 1976 and Deng Xiaoping comes to power.
Deng institutes the Four Modernizations, which focuses on improving agriculture, industry, science and technology as well as defense.
Deng was in power until his death in 1997

19. Government in China Today
Currently known as the People’s Republic of China (PRC).
It is a single-party socialist republic (one party, in favor of the working class)
The Communist party holds power
The current president is Hu Jianto
Beijing is the capital city

20. Review of China’s Population
Over 1.3 billion people (1/5 of the world’s population)
56 recognized ethnic groups. The Han are the largest (92%)
Large population can be attributed to Mao

21. Population in China Efforts were made to limit the population
Only 2 children per family law
One Child Policy
Policies did not work that well
Rural families did not comply
Males regarded more highly than females

22. Geography Review
China is the world’s second largest country by land area (9,326,410 km2)
China has a wide range of topography
There are numerous plains, plateaus, basins and mountains
Only 14% of the land is arable

23. Chinese Language
Many dialects are spoken in China, but Mandarin is the most widely spoken
70% of the people in China speak it
It is the most widely spoken language in the world (100 million people speak it worldwide