1. 9.1: INVENTORS AND INVENTIONS

2. QUIZ 1.In the mid-1800’s, farmers shifted from self- sufficiency to crop __________. 2._________means to “undertake” investing in new industries. 3.The market ______ refers to the new economic system where people buy and sell goods rather than making goods for themselves. 4._________ is a system where individuals and businesses control factories, land, and machines. 5.Cyrus McCormick invented the _____.

3. QUIZ 1._________ is a system where individuals and businesses control factories, land, and machines. 2.The market ______ refers to the new economic system where people buy and sell goods rather than making goods for themselves. 3.Cyrus McCormick invented the _____. 4.In the mid-1800’s, farmers shifted from self- sufficiency to crop __________. 5.John Deere invented the ______.

4. TIMELINE OF AMERICAN INVENTIONS 1791: Sam Slater brings the textile mill to US 1793: Eli Whitney invents cotton gin 1798: Eli Whitney invents interchangeable parts 1807: Jefferson’s Embargo 1807: Robert Fulton begins steamboat era 1813: Francis Lowell, entrepreneurs, start textile mills 1817-1825: Construction of Erie Canal 1837: John Deere invents steel plow 1837: Morse invents telegraph 1839: Charles Goodyear vulcanizes rubber 1846: Howe and Singer invent sewing machine 1840s  Expansion of railway & telegraph system 1851: Singer invents sewing machine 1851: Cyrus McCormick invents mower-reaper

5. FACTORS IN INDUSTRIALIZATION Embargo of 1807 War of 1812 Tariff of 1816 American System Cheap immigrant labor in North East cities Fast New England rivers, coal deposits for powering factories Robust system of ports, roads, canals&railways Application of steam power to shipping and manufacturing needs Development of new markets between America’s regions

6. 1837: John Deere invents the steel plow. What was the impact of this device? http://historywired.si.edu/images/enlarged/212a.jpg

7. Agricultural ad, 1859 The manufacture of agricultural implements was becoming a major industry by 1860. Now the farmers shown on the fringe could put down their scythes and let the mechanical reaper do the work. (Library of Congress) Agricultural ad, 1859 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

8. Model of McCormick reaper, 1850s (Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.) What is the long-term impact of the mechanical reaper?

9. Woman with sewing machine Asked to repair a sewing machine that did not do continuous stitching, Isaac M. Singer invented one that did. Patented in 1851, the Singer machine quickly dominated the market. Although most early sewing machines were used in factories, some had made their way into households by 1860. (Library of Congress) Woman with sewing machine WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF THE SEWING MACHINE? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

10. http://rs6.loc.gov/ammem/sfbmhtml/sfbmhighlights01.html http://eng.minsvyaz.ru/site.shtml?id=53

11. Fulton’s Steamboat 1807

12. Why was transportation – particularly the canals and railroads – so important in the early stages of industrialization?

13. Map: Railroad Growth, 1850-1860 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

14. Map: Major American Cities in 1830 and 1860 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

15. What are the advantages of specialization? What are the disadvantages?

16. What was the South’s reaction to industrialization and modern inventions?

17. COMPARE AND CONTRAST CAPITALISM AND SOCIALISM