2. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Tell how the “green industry” is a vital part of the U.S.economy and everyday life. OBJECTIVES The student will be able to…

3. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Explain how the study of horticulture fits into a university curriculum. List the principle subdivisions of horticulture science. List at least two careers a student could pursue in each subdivision. OBJECTIVES The student will be able to…

4. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Explain what a farm advisor or extension office is. Locate the address and Internet address of his or her state extension service. Explain what is meant by horticulture therapy and explain which groups of people it can help. List three typical statements of ethical and professional conduct that apply to horticulturists. OBJECTIVES The student will be able to…

5. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 THE GREEN INDUSTRY Horticulture is the “green industry.” –From the food you eat to parks & landscaping, it improves the quality of the environment and your life through plants. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is the government organization that monitors & measures the green industry. –Garden plants, vegetables, flowers, potted plants, seedlings, cuttings, and other materials. –Nursery crops for landscaping, Christmas trees, and fruit and nut plants.

6. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Planting and maintaining plants are also part of the green industry. –Workers might manage turfgrass on sports fields & golf courses or design & install landscapes in parks, schools, commercial sites, and individual yards. Work environments range from small landscaping businesses to huge garden centers. Sod farms, greenhouses, and nurseries hire people to produce greenery for landscaping work, especially in the newer field of “greenscaping” Landscaping maintenance firms employ people to mow, maintain equipment, spray for insects and diseases, and prune trees. THE GREEN INDUSTRY

7. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 The horticulture industry is experiencing tremendous growth & needs skilled, knowledgeable employees. –According to Bureau of Labor Statistics projections, employment is expected to increase by about 22% this decade. Some of the most current employment opportunities and advances in the green industry are in genetics and biotechnology. –Horticulturists use biotechnology to enhance desired traits or to minimize undesirable ones. THE GREEN INDUSTRY

8. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Horticulture is classified as a science requiring basic knowledge of math, chemistry & other sciences. Within the sciences, horticulture is an applied science, and the knowledge is used to achieve a specific goal. –Such as increasing the yield of a vegetable or fruit. The correlating hard science for horticulture is botany. –Botany deals with plant classification, biochemistry, anatomy, and such without direct regard to how they affect a plant’s usefulness to humans. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

9. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Horticultural crops require a large amount of inputs: –Fertilizer, pest control, care after harvest, and hand labor. More expensive to grow on a per-acre basis, and sell for more. Compare strawberries vs wheat. –Strawberries are sold in baskets, and wheat in tons. –Strawberries require hand harvesting, but wheat is mechanically harvested. –After harvest, strawberries must be refrigerated, but wheat can be stored in silos. –Strawberries keep only for a few days, but wheat can be stored for years. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

10. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 A person who studies horticulture narrows the field of study to prepare him/herself for a specific career. –Some people are drawn to flowers. (floriculture) –Others might prefer to work on a golf course. (turfgrass) People in green-industry jobs often are outdoors. –Some activities can be strenuous or even dangerous. Time also can be spent indoors as well on record keeping, billing, scheduling, etc. – Also in the case of indoor plants (interiorscapes), greenhouses, or lab research, most time will be spent indoors. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

11. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Fruit Production Called pomology in horticulture, fruit production includes growing of tree fruits like apples & citrus. –A “small fruits” such as blueberries, grapes & strawberries. Careers in this field: –Orchard Supervisor: Often specializes in one particular fruit, such as apples, and may either own his or her own land or work as a manager for a large fruit-growing company. An orchard supervisor is outside for much of the day supervising all aspects of growing including planting, training, pruning, pest and disease control & harvesting. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

12. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Fruit Production Careers –Berry Grower: Strawberries, blackberries, and raspberries are particularly good crop choices for those who wish to run their own U-Pick farms. A person who likes to work with the public and also enjoys plants would be a good candidate to own a U-Pick farm. –Grape Vineyard Supervisor (viticulturist): Produces table grapes for fresh eating and especially wine grapes. A grape vineyard supervisor is in charge of planting, pruning, pest and disease control, and harvesting. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

13. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Fruit Production Careers –Enologist (winemaker): Involves winemaking science and a thorough knowledge of grape cultivation. Works part-time in the laboratory to decide the best time to harvest, and outside during the growing and harvesting periods. A winemaker oversees crushing and pressing of the grapes and the fermentation, filtration, bottling, and aging of the wine. May supervise assistants, manage sales, arrange for advertising and marketing, and conduct winery tours. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

14. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Vegetable Production Vegetable production, called olericulture covers the cultivation of vegetables, melons and rhubarb. –Vegetable Grower or Vegetable Farm Manager: Responsible for planting, scheduling, monitoring crop growth, supervising pest and disease control, and supervising harvest of one or more crops. –Cannery Field Manager: A liaison between canners and growers of the produce to be canned, such as tomatoes. Works with the contracted growers to make sure vegetables reach the quality standards required by the cannery. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

15. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Vegetable Production Careers –Specialist Vegetable Producer: Caters to restaurants that order small amounts of rare high-value gourmet foods. Can be combined with a roadside marketing business. –Greenhouse Vegetable Producer: A greenhouse vegetable producer must oversee all aspects of growing the crop from transplanting seedlings through harvest. –Herb Grower: Can either grow herbs for retail sale or produce crops to edible maturity for processing. Markets the herbs at farmers’ markets, restaurants, roadside stands, or fresh to large spice producers. Alternately, the grower can dry the herbs on site and market the dried product to wholesalers or retailers. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

16. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Landscape Horticulture The outdoor ornamental-plant facet of horticulture is called environmental horticulture or landscape horticulture. Figure 1-1 Students at Purdue University participate in a hands-on landscape installation project. Photo courtesy of Purdue Agricultural Communication Service by Tom Campbell. The industry employs many thousands of people in hundreds of job specialties. Climate, location, and specific career choice affect working conditions of people in the green industry. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

17. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Landscape Horticulture Careers –Landscape Designer: Develops a plan for the planted areas around homes and small commercial buildings. Figure 1-2 Students in landscape design use computer-assisted drawing (CAD) for projects. Photo courtesy Purdue Agricultural Communication Service, by Tom Campbell. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

18. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Landscape Horticulture Careers –Landscape Estimator: Responsible for determining the cost of executing the design prepared by the landscape designer. –Landscape Contractor: A large-scale contractor will coordinate big landscaping projects such as business parks and housing projects. A small-scale landscape contractor may install and then maintain the landscapes only for individual homes. –Retail Nursery Salesperson: Assists customers in selecting the right plants to suit the growing conditions around their homes. The salesperson must be knowledgeable about the plants grown in that area and like to work with people. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

19. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Landscape Horticulture Careers –Retail Nursery Owner: Includes all responsibilities of a small business including customer service, bookkeeping, and plant maintenance. –Mail-order Nursery Business Owner: Propagates and grows plants before shipping them to customers. Can specialize in hard-to-find plants and market them through catalogs or on the Internet. –Landscape Installation Supervisor: Oversees planting of a landscape including walkways, walls, fences, patios, decks, and irrigation. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

20. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Landscape Horticulture Careers –Nursery Production Supervisor: Oversees the full range of production of shrubs or trees (greenhouse propagation, potting, field planting, digging, and sale preparation). –Nursery Crew Supervisor: Oversees a small group of workers who are responsible for one of the aspects of production stated under Nursery Production Supervisor. –Inventory Controller: Supervises quality control of the plants produced in a large nursery, works with customers and the nursery production supervisor to make sure that the plants requested are available from the nursery. –Nursery Shipping Manager: Coordinates inventory, packing, and transportation schedules for plants produced by a large nursery. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

21. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Landscape Horticulture Careers –Grounds Maintenance Supervisor: Supervises the crew performing such activities as pruning, irrigation, planting, cleaning, spraying, and fertilizing. –Park or Zoo Landscape Supervisor: Responsible for overseeing maintenance of all landscaping of the area including scheduling maintenance, supervising maintenance workers. –Irrigation Specialist: Careers in irrigation include selling irrigation equipment, designing irrigation systems for wholesale nurseries or landscapes, and installing irrigation systems. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

22. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Landscape Horticulture Careers –Horticultural Garden, Botanical Garden, or Arboretum Supervisor: Responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of the garden… Planning seasonal displays; Giving talks and tours to the public. Maintaining records and plant samples; budgeting, personnel, fund-raising, etc. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

23. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Arboriculture Arboriculture literally means “tree growing”. –Includes large-scale forestry for commercial purposes, and urban forestry, a subcategory of landscape horticulture. Health and maintenance of trees in inhabited environments such as cities and suburbs. Recent research has shown beneficial psychological when trees are planted in inner-city environments. –In addition, trees in urban situations decrease air pollution, notably of particulates and reduce summer cooling costs for air conditioning. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

24. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Arboriculture Careers –Arborist: Can be university-trained in landscape horticulture with a specialization in arboriculture or receive on-the-job training with a certified arborist. Arborists remove trees, climb up to prune & use power spray equipment to control pests and diseases. Telephone & power companies use arborists to keep the branches of mature trees away from power and telephone lines. Cities employ arborists to maintain trees alongside public roads. Figure 1-3 An arborist climbs a tree for maintenance. Photo courtesy of Maxim Larrivée. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

25. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Arboriculture Careers –Christmas Tree Grower: Christmas trees requires a time & labor investment of 5 years or more before the first profits are made. A person interested in growing Christmas trees should seek land which can be leased long-term, or is inexpensive to buy. –Tree Nursery Owner: A tree nursery owner who produces bare-root plants usually is the owner of a fruit tree or landscape tree nursery for deciduous species. Plants are propagated from seed and also may be grafted. The plants are field-grown for several years to salable size. Sale can be through mail order, or to garden centers or retail nurseries. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

26. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Arboriculture Careers –Arboretum Supervisor: Must have a thorough knowledge of tree species and their propagation and care. He/she must also have strong interpersonal skills and be able to work cooperatively with staff, workers, volunteers, and the public. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

27. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Turfgrass The branch of horticulture dealing with lawns. Careers in turfgrass management have expanded greatly in the past 10 years due to… –The expansion of professional & personal sports that use turf as a playing surface. –The increasing number of homeowners opting for professional lawn care services. –City and suburban park sites with large grassy areas School grounds, cemeteries, and school athletic fields. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

28. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Turfgrass Many colleges & universities now offer 2-year certificate programs in turfgrass management. –Employment opportunities after graduation are excellent. Courses students take in a turf program: –The basic plant sciences. –Record keeping, computers, and personnel management to prepare for managerial positions. –On-the-job training with potential employers. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

29. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Turfgrass Careers –Grass Seed Producer: Oversees production of seed in the field including growing, pest control, harvesting, cleaning, packaging, and marketing. –Golf Course, Cemetery, or Park Superintendent (also called Greenskeeper): Responsible for supervising maintenance; arranging for repair of maintenance equipment; giving professional advice, opinions, assistance, and services to the board of directors or managing body; and participating in all long-range planning meetings. There are many job opportunities in this field for trained personnel because of the expansion in the number of golf courses throughout the country. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

30. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Figure 1-4 Turfgrass production involves large machinery, like this Trebro QuadLift ® for harvesting sod. Photo courtesy of Trebro Manufacturing Inc. www.trebro.comwww.trebro.com Sod is marketed to landscape installers. Turfgrass Careers –Sod Producer: Grows high-quality sod of various grass varieties from seed. Production involves watering, mowing, disease and pest control, and harvesting. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

31. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Turfgrass Careers –Lawn Maintenance Service Owner: Supervises crews to maintain turf areas in an attractive, healthy condition for homeowners or commercial businesses. A lawn maintenance specialist visits to supervise mowing and monitor plant health, decide on pesticide application, recommend fertilizers, and oversee other maintenance. –Sports Field Manager: Maintains the high-quality turf essential in professional sports arenas. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

32. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Floriculture The production and sale of field-grown flowers for cutting or greenhouse-grown flowers and plants is a branch of horticulture known as floriculture. Figure 1-5 Greenhouses are used to produce many floriculture crops. Photo courtesy of Manchil IPM Services. It also includes production of indoor foliage plants. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

33. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Floriculture Careers Floriculturists can work in wholesale or retail, in greenhouses, or in outdoor field flower production. –Much of the wholesale growers’ output reaches the public through retail florists. –Some indoor plant shops expand into plant rental businesses and employ people to care for leased plants in offices and hotels. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

34. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Floriculture Careers –Bulb Producer: Bulbs are grown, outdoors in the ground, to the size at which they will produce flowers. Marketed in the fall by mail or through retail outlets. Some bulbs may be pre-grown in containers and marketed at near-blooming stage in the spring. –Rose Grower: As roses are the most popular flower in North America, there are horticulturists who specialize in only this flower. –Dried-flower Producer: These professionals field-grow the crops & dry them at the peak of bloom in drying sheds The dried product is marketed to floral shops, gift and craft stores, or other outlets. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

35. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Floriculture Careers –Foliage Plant Producer: Supervises reproduction of the plants on-site and then grows them in the greenhouse before they are shipped throughout the country for sale. Often located in a warm-weather areas like Florida & California. –Foliage Plant Maintenance: Visits client businesses (malls, offices, businesses, or homes) to water, prune, clean, and check for disease and insect infestation. –Interior Landscaper (interiorscaper): Will decide on the placement & lighting for plants in a building as well as plan an irrigation system and decide which plants will be used. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

36. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Floriculture Careers –Florist Plant Producer: Owns or works as a grower in a greenhouse specializing in florist plants associated with holidays and gifts. Must monitor greenhouse operation, schedule production, monitor plant health, & arrange shipping of the crop to market. –Retail Florist: Purchase, store, and arrange flowers for many occasions such as weddings, funerals, and parties. –Flower Buyer: Works for retail clients who contract services to select flowers of high quality & ensure that a continual supply of flowers is available to the retail florist. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

37. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Floriculture Careers –Floral Supply Wholesaler: Orders supplies & equipment needed in a retail floral store from the manufacturer & resells to retail florists Vases, wire, preservative chemicals, and baskets. Also bulk quantities of cut flowers to florists. –Floral Designer: Works making flower arrangements, wedding bouquets, funeral casket sprays, and other specialty arrangements. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

38. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Floriculture Careers –Floricultural Marketing Specialist: Promotes flowers to the public, develops marketing campaigns, addresses grower meetings regarding public requirements for floral crops, and coordinate advertising. The American Florists Marketing Council (AFMC) The Society of American Florists (SAF) Florists Transworld Delivery (FTD) The American Institute of Floral Design (AIFD) Other flower-marketing organizations CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

39. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Floriculture Careers –Foliage Plant Developer: Seeks out new and unusual plants to increase the range of foliage plants available to the consumer. Often involves finding little-known or mutated plants that display different color from the usual. The new plant is patented & reproduced by a specific grower. –Grower Liaison: Consults with contracted growers about best horticultural practices, harvest-date projections, and quality assurance. Must be able to work in a team-based environment. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

40. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Propagation These professions supply the horticulture industry with seed and small plants, –Growers plant to these to produce a marketable horticultural crop such as a fruit tree or tomato. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

41. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Propagation Careers –Propagator: Responsible for reproducing all the plants needed for growing into salable size ones that will be made available to the public or wholesaled. –Propagator-grafter: Joins together two closely related plants to create a new “grafted” plant with the best characteristics of each. –Contracted Seed Grower: Multiplies the limited amount of seed provided by the seed breeder or seed company into a quantity large enough for commercial sale. The seed that the seed grower harvests generally is sold back to the breeder from which the original genetic material was obtained or to a seed distributor specified by the company that supplied him or her with the seed. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

42. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Propagation Careers –Field Supervisor: Works with contracted growers & advises them on how to ensure quality of the crop, reports on expected yield, and arranges for delivery of the seed to the processing plant. –Field Staff: Contracts with growers to produce the seed of the new cultivars, monitors growing, advises growers about growing techniques, and monitors to some extent the quality and quantity of seed that is produced. –Warehouse Staff: Takes delivery of the seed produced by contracted growers, cleans it, treats it with chemicals if necessary, packages it, and organizes it within the warehouse. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

43. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Propagation Careers –Seed Processor: Monitors & oversees seed drying, cleaning, packaging, and shipment for a large commercial seed company. –Stock Seed Controller/Seed Analyst: Works in the field to maintain the purity of the produced seed in regard to the quality of plants that grow from it. Removes mutated plants in the field, and any seed stock whose quality has begun to deteriorate. Maintains the breeding plant stocks for the breeder. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

44. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Propagation Careers –Seed Analyst: Works in a laboratory checking the purity and percentage of seeds that will germinate from a given seed sample. –Seed Salesperson (wholesale): Visits growers to advise them of the newest cultivars available. Discusses the merits of new cultivars, takes orders for supplies of seed to be used in production, and arranges for delivery of the seed from the warehouse. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

45. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Propagation Careers –Transplant Producer: Germinates seeds produced by the seed grower and grows them to an adequate size for transplanting into the field or into a greenhouse. A hands-on job involving planting, watering, fertilizing, and otherwise caring for very large numbers of plants in the most vulnerable stage in their development. –Tissue Culture Lab Technician: Works in the labs that specialize in propagating plants by this method. –Independent Seed Producer: A small business to produce & retail limited quantities of hard-to-obtain plants such as obscure flowers and antique vegetable varieties. Sales are to the public, normally online. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

46. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Propagation Careers –Breeder: In charge of developing new cultivars that are in demand by growers. A breeder designs breeding programs, evaluates results, does statistical analysis of the crossings & decides which cultivars to make available for commercial growing. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

47. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Propagation Careers –Assistant Plant Breeder: Works with the breeder to develop new plants for commercial use. Figure 1-6 Seed harvesting is a part of seed breeding. Photo courtesy of Agricultural Research Service, USDA. A plant-breeding assistant must have a general knowledge of horticultural practices & procedures. In addition, some coursework in genetics & plant breeding, and computer literacy will be required. CHOOSING A CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

48. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Horticulture works in conjunction with several essential allied fields in the following list. –All horticulture students take courses in these fields as part of their curriculum and can obtain employment in these allied fields with proper preparation. EMPLOYMENT IN ALLIED FIELDS

49. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Entomology Entomology is the study of insects and related pests –Not necessarily pests of horticultural crops. Careers in this field: –Pesticide Advisor: A licensed professional who advises growers of the appropriate chemicals & practices to control their pest and disease problems. –Plant Inspector: Responsible for determining that plants are disease- and insect-free before they are permitted to enter certain countries or states. –Public Relations Specialists: People with training in horticulture to answer all questions regarding products a company markets or manufactures. EMPLOYMENT IN ALLIED FIELDS

50. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Soil Science Soil science deals with the drainage and nutritional content of soils among other topics. –Soil Scientist: Works with farmers to ensure optimal plant growth while maintaining soil health. Will provide information and recommendations to growers regarding practices to avoid or correct problems such as erosion or soil-quality reduction. –Nutritional Specialist: Works in a lab to determine cause & remedy for plants suspected of nutrient disorders. Involves mainly lab work with some visits to growing sites. EMPLOYMENT IN ALLIED FIELDS

51. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Soil Science –Irrigation Specialist: Works with an irrigation supply company and then with growers of small fruits, tree fruits, vegetables, or other horticultural crops. Figure 1-7 Students practice installing an irrigation system. Photo courtesy of Betsy Von Holle. He/she would advise the farmer on the best type of irrigation, design the system & supervise the installation. EMPLOYMENT IN ALLIED FIELDS

52. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Plant Pathology Plant pathology is the study of plant diseases. –Plant Pathologist: Specializes in plant diseases that affect horticultural crops. Diagnoses conditions, recommends pesticides. Does research on diseases of horticultural plants. Works with plant breeders, growers, and insect and weed specialists to develop integrated, environmentally sound approaches to managing plant diseases. –Commercial Pesticide Advisor: Diagnoses and recommends treatments and control programs for plant diseases. EMPLOYMENT IN ALLIED FIELDS

53. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Weed Control Weed control is essential in horticulture businesses producing vegetables, fruits, or ornamental plants. –Uncontrolled weeds cause more crop loss in terms of reduced productivity than either insects or diseases. –Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Specialist: Integrates knowledge of weed control, disease, and insect problems to ensure overall plant health. EMPLOYMENT IN ALLIED FIELDS

54. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Media Careers –Plant Photographer: Produces photos seen in gardening magazines, on seed packets, in catalogs, and in books. –Plant Illustrator: Produces drawings for photos or books, catalogs, plant care tags, and magazines. –Horticultural Writer: Manufacturers employ horticulturists to develop packaging, write advertising & market products. Growers who publish annual catalogs employ horticulturists to write plant descriptions, evaluate plant photos, design the catalog, and supervise its printing. A horticultural writer for a newspaper, home-oriented or gardening magazine will follow leads for new & unique stories, arrange for photography, and coordinate with the editor for publication of the pieces. EMPLOYMENT IN ALLIED FIELDS

55. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Government Careers The U.S. Department of Agriculture & international aid organizations have positions for horticulturists in teaching, research, inspection, advising, and other fields. Figure 1-8 A government plant inspector checks a shipment of orchids for pests. Photo courtesy of Keelung Branch, Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine, Taiwan, Republic of China. EMPLOYMENT IN ALLIED FIELDS

56. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Government Careers –Cooperative Extension Specialist: Answers grower questions on production, diagnoses problems, provides publications on plant growing, refers growers to sources of information, and gives talks to growers. –Pest Control Advisor (PCA): A diagnostician of plant problems for crops such as flowers, vegetables, or turf. Lab work with diseased plants will be involved, as well as occasional on-site visits to see the plants affected. –International Horticulturist: Works abroad in advising or supervising production of vegetables, fruits, or flowers for export. EMPLOYMENT IN ALLIED FIELDS

57. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Government Careers –Laboratory Technician: Works in a large business or university supporting the work of a researcher. Figure 1-9 Laboratory techs can work in many specializations within horticulture. Photo courtesy of Purdue Agricultural Communication Service. Photo by Tom Campbell. EMPLOYMENT IN ALLIED FIELDS

58. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 So Why Consider a Job in Horticulture? Always changing Can work inside, outside, or both Fulfills a need to help others, make others feel better, or could even make you feel better while working!

59. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Two aspects of horticulture emphasize the emotional and recreational value of working with plants: –Horticulture therapy and home horticulture. RECREATIONAL HORTICULTURE

60. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Horticulture Therapy The value of horticulture as therapy for those with physical, intellectual, or emotional disabilities has been recognized for many years. –People with disabilities can participate in some horticultural activity because of the many senses involved when growing a plant. A blooming flower can be appreciated by sight by many, through touch by others, through smell by nearly all. –The elderly & those of limited mobility can find pleasure and gratification of accomplishment in working with plants. –The incarcerated can produce their own food or grow plants for sale RECREATIONAL HORTICULTURE

61. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Home Horticulture As a recreational activity, horticulture is the nation’s most popular pastime. –Working with soil and plants to produce home-grown vegetables, lush houseplants, or a beautiful landscape is the hobby of millions of people. –Balcony gardens flourish in the cities, dispelling the notion that gardening is a suburban or farm activity. RECREATIONAL HORTICULTURE

62. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Remaining a competent professional involves keeping current with changes in the field in which one works. –Professional organizations. –Courses to update skills. –Professional publications whose aim is the dissemination of the most up-to-date information in that specific field. –Participation in professional meetings and conferences to keep up with current research and techniques. PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS/ORGANIZATIONS

63. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Professional Ethics in The Field of Horticulture An ethical framework that governs the individual’s daily conduct of his/her professional life is an essential foundation. –Ethical issues address the way things “should be.” Rather than the way things actually are. Ethics involve discussions of moral obligations, and an individual’s feelings of “right” and “wrong.” –They do not necessarily depend on religious beliefs as a foundation. –Two current ethical issues under discussion are genetically modified food plants and employment & treatment of migrant workers. PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS/ORGANIZATIONS

64. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Figure 1-10 Ethical standards of LANTA. Landscape Alberta Nursery Trades Association. The complete Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct are on page 14 of your textbook. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN HORTICULTURE

65. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 The Natural Approach A belief that nature is inherently valuable in, and of itself, regardless of its relation to human beings. –Although the perception of this value is obviously human. Another way of saying this… –All objects in nature are valuable simply by their existence, independent of their utility or benefits to humans. –The welfare of nature is given priority in ethical decisions, even to the detriment of humanity, which is regarded as only one part of nature. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN HORTICULTURE

66. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 The Natural Approach Some of many examples of ethical standards and conduct incorporated into daily life of a horticulturist: –Respecting the rights of his or her customers and others with whom business is transacted. –Refraining from publicly condemning, criticizing, or devaluing another horticulturist’s work or reputation. –Ensuring that every customer is notified in writing of the charges will be for all work carried out. Making certain the customer accepts these charges before he/she becomes liable for payment. –Maintaining professional competence by keeping abreast of new information and developments. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN HORTICULTURE

67. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 The Natural Approach Some of many examples of ethical standards and conduct incorporated into daily life of a horticulturist: –Recognizing one’s responsibility to the community and the environment in protecting each from exposure to actual or potential hazards. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN HORTICULTURE

68. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 The Natural Approach Philosophical questions can deal with the balance in crop production as it relates to: PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN HORTICULTURE

69. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Natural Capital Natural capital is the part of the Earth that will give valuable products or services in the future. –Also recycling, water conservation, and erosion control. The question to ask: –Will the production techniques used to grow the crop preserve natural capital or deplete it? PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN HORTICULTURE

70. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Compare & Contrast Look up: –Utilitarian Approach –The Rights Approach –The Common Good Approach Compare and contrast them… which one benefits one person, which one benefits most people, which one sounds the best, which two are similar, what makes them different.

71. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 The Utilitarian Approach A problem must be analyzed from several different perspectives, and the solution must favor the greatest good. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN HORTICULTURE

72. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 The Rights Approach Based on the belief that humans have the right to choose paths that affect their destinies. –And that they are justified in expecting that their rights (such as the right to privacy, to truth, to freedom from injury, and the like) should be respected. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN HORTICULTURE

73. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 The Common Good Approach The common good approach states that ethical actions are those that benefit all members of the community. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN HORTICULTURE

74. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 END OF CHAPTER

75. Practical Horticulture 7 th edition By Laura Williams Rice and Robert P. Rice, Jr. © 2011, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Assignment Study 8 new plants Complete questions in book: page 15 (1 thru 7 ) Complete Worksheet. Quiz over plants, and chapter one (which includes vocab.) next time.