1. Geography of Pennsylvania

2. Size of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania spans 45,333 square miles Is considered to be a small state Pennsylvania is 302 miles from east to wet It is 158 miles from north to south

3. Regions of the United States North Eastern United StatesMid- Atlantic States

4. Pennsylvania’s Neighbors Lake Erie New York New Jersey Maryland West Virginia Ohio The eastern board is The Delaware river Delaware This is called the Panhandle of West Virginia…. Notice how it looks like the handle of a pan

5. Pennsylvania’s Climate PA has a Humid Continental Climate - four seasons Enough rainfall for farming Our weather comes the west, or the interior part of the United States and Canada

6. Pennsylvania’s Climate The southeast PA gets the most rainfall, and the warmest temperatures The northwest has the coolest temperature The record high temperature was 111F in 1936 Record low temperature was -42F in 1904 Thunderstorm in Philadelphia Ice on Lake Erie

7. Pennsylvania’s weather extreme Hurricanes/tropical storms and Floods Tornado in southwestern PA Blizzards

8. Lake Erie Plain

9. Atlantic Coastal Plain The land is Flat (highest point is only 26 feet above sea level) Was once under ocean water Soil is very rich, but cannot be used for farming because this area is covered by a urban area

10. Atlantic Coastal Plain – Industry The largest city in Pennsylvania is PhiladelphiaOil refineries take curd oil, and Turn the oil into usable substances Philadelphia is a deep water Port. This is important to trade, and allowed Philadelphia to develop a ship building Industry.

11. Atlantic Coastal Plain- Historical Impact Independence Hall – location where Washington was appointed Commander And Chief of Continental Army, the Declaration of Independence was adopted, The US flag was designed, and US Constitution was drafted Ben Franklin – was an author, Scientist, politician, and an Important leader in America’s fight for Independence. He also started the first library, Hospital, and fire department in America. The Liberty Bell- weighing over 2,000 lbs, this bell was a symbol to celebrate the 50 th anniversary of William Penn’s Charter. It was hidden during the Revolutionary War to prevent it from being melted Down to make cannons. The crack in bell occurred on February 26, 1846 when it rang to celebrate Washington’s Birthday

12. Atlantic Coastal Plain – Social Impact The Philly Cheese Steak Sandwich – thinly sliced steak, onions, and cheese (cheese whiz) The to most famous Cheese Steak Sandwich in Philly are located across the street from each other on an “x” shaped intersection in South Philly. Perfect location for the competition Philadelphia is also home to four major sport teams

13. The Piedmont Located in the southeastern part of Pennsylvania This area has low rolling hills The maximum elevation is 600 feet The most fertile Soil in the United States

14. The Piedmont – Farming Turkey farms Corn Apple Orchards Tobacco Wheat Chambersburg Peaches Dairy Farms

15. The Piedmont – The Amish The Amish are descendents of German immigrants They still dress and live the same way they did 280 years ago They can use electricity in barns, but it must be produced by a Generator

16. The Piedmont - Industry Due to the large amount of farms in this region, there are also many food processing facilities Pennsylvania is known as the "Snack Food Capital of the World."

17. The Piedmont – Industry Milton Hershey was a failed businessman Opened up a factory in PA and looked for the right mixture of sugar, milk, and cocoa Milton soon discovered the recipe for milk chocolate and was able to mass produce it, making it affordable enough for everyone to enjoy Milton became very rich, but he gave back to the community. He even opened a school for orphans

18. Piedmont – Cities York Allentown Gettysburg

19. The Ridge and Valley The Appalachian Mountains are found in this region The tallest point in PA, Mt. Davis is located in this region This region is characterized by tall ridges with wide valleys in-between

20. The Ridge and Valley Region You can see ridges and deep valley The Cumberland Valley, Lebanon Valley, and Lehigh Valley form what is called the Great Valley

21. Ridge and Valley Region The Appalachian Mountains go through PA It is an “old” mountain range and over time has been shrinking in size. Mt. Davis at 3,213 feet is the highest point in PA. It is located in Somerset County

22. Ridge and Valley Region – Cities Harrisburg - PA’s State Capital Scranton- home of Steamtown, National Historic Sight Altoona’s horseshoe curve – a National Historic Landmark

23. Ridge and Valley Region This region was know for anthracite coal mines Anthracite or hard coal, was form from heat the pressure in side the earth Anthracite burns cleaner than Bituminous coal, but is harder to mine Mining Anthracite was very dangerous

24. Allegheny Plateau Largest area – covers 60% of the state Plateau is a raised area of land that is usually flat The Allegheny Plateau has been eroded by glaciers, streams, and rivers which has formed valleys and hills Soil is mostly clay not the best for farming

25. Allegheny Plateau – landforms fL Pennsylvania’s Grand Canyon Laurel Caverns Pocono Mountains

26. Allegheny National Forest Early settlers logged the forest in Northern PA The wood from the forest also were used to support the oil boom and railroad boom Between the 1890-1920 the forest was basically clear cut In the 1920’s efforts were put in place to save and restore the forest

27. Allegheny Plateau – Natural Resources The Allegheny Plateau is full of wildlife which attracts tourist and hunters to the region

28. Allegheny Plateau – Natural Resources Mining from coal to iron oreNatural gas drilling Clay and sand found in the soil has been used to make glass products, pottery, and bricks

29. Allegheny Plateau Cities Johnstown after the historical Flood Oil City – where the first oil will was used

30. Allegheny Plateau – Pittsburgh Pittsburgh is located where the Monongahela River meets the Allegheny River to form the Ohio. This location caused Pittsburgh to become an industrial power house The Geography of Pittsburgh played an important role in the development of the city. It was a key fort during the French and Indian War. It is a connection to the Mississippi River Pittsburgh was full of factories and was very polluted from the burning Of coal. Pittsburgh is also the Home to PPG industries. Makers of Glass and Paints

31. Allegheny Plateau Pittsburgh has now shifted from a manufacturing to a service economy. It is known for having major hospitals and sports teams

32. The Lake Erie Plain Pennsylvania access to the Great Lakes Important for trade and manufacturing The Lake effects the weather The land is flat and soil is sandy

33. The Lake Erie Plain Lake Erie is a natural harbor for ships It is also a deep water port The Battle of Lake Erie was a major victory for the United States in the War of 1812

34. The Lake Erie Plain The Sandy Soil and weather from the lake make it an excellent place for orchards and vineyards

35. Delaware River System Delaware River is the boarder between PA and New Jersey The Lehigh and the Schuylkill Rivers are tributaries It empties into the Delaware Bay Deep water port in Philadelphia

36. Susquehanna River system Flows through the center of the state Juniata and West Branch of the Susquehanna are the tributaries It is to shallow to be used for travel Flows into the Chesapeake Bay

37. Ohio River system Is located on the western part of the state The Allegheny river and Monongahela meet in in Pittsburgh to form the Ohio The Ohio flows into the Mississippi, which flows into the Gulf of Mexico Very important to the commerce of our state

38. The Ohio River System The Allegheny flows from the north The Youghiogheny flows north into the Monongahela (Mon) The Mon then flow North to Pittsburgh The Mon is the Eastern border of Washington County

39. Lakes, Wetlands, and Reservoirs PA has over 2,000 lakes, mostly in the Northern part of the state, made by glacial forces Wetland is a lowland area such as a swarm and marsh that contain a wide verity of plant and animal life Reservoirs were built for a drinking water supply Dams are built to control the flows of the rivers