3. Nine Causes of Injury 1.Loading 2.Intrinsic Factors 3.Extrinsic factors 4.Over-use 5.Alignment 6. Intensity 7. Effect of Levels 8. Gravity 9. Resistance

4. CAUSES OF INJURY: Injuries occur in two ways; 1. Extrinsically or 2. Intrinsically Either as a result of external force from outside your body or internal force from inside your body.

5. Extrinsic Forces Impact injuries are common in invasion sports There are two types, Impact with; Someone, tackle, collision, punch, kick or Something, hockey stick/ball, landing hard, running into a post. These cause bruises, sprains, fractures, dislocations or concussion. An externally caused injury might involve someone bumping into you, impacting on your body to cause a fracture or dislocation. Most common in contact sports.

6. INTRINSIC INJURIES Internally, sudden movements can strain and tear soft tissue, muscle fibres and tendons, or damage ligaments, something that’s also possible from overtraining. Chronic injuries arise when a condition is left untreated.

7. OVERUSE AND CHRONIC INJURIES Overuse injuries; As the name implies these are caused by using a part of the body again and again and include tennis or golf elbow., both count as repetitive strain injuries or RSI Initially these can be eased with RICE Chronic injuries These happen when this type of injury is not treated or given time to heal. These types of injury can lead to arthritis.

9. Types of injuries we are going to be examining…. Concussion Sprains Fractures Dislocations

10. COMMON TYPES OF INJURY 1. Fractures: a crack or a break in a bone or bones Closed - when the bone breaks but stays inside the skin. Open - when the bone breaks and comes out through the skin. 2. Dislocation when the bones of a joint are wrenched apart 3. Torn Cartilage which tears, often in the knee and can 'lock' the joint

11. COMMON TYPES OF INJURY 4. Concussion – shaking/bruising to the brain Caused by impact to the head, often knocking the person unconscious

12. Soft tissue injuries: treated with RICE Sprains - when ligaments are overstretched or torn around a joint, eg twisted or sprained ankle. Strains - when a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn, eg pulled muscle. Bruises - caused when blood vessels burst under the skin following impact. Pulled/torn muscles damage to fibres Skin damage: Cuts - caused by impact with a sharp object. Grazes and blisters - caused by friction or rubbing. COMMON TYPES OF INJURY

13. Sprains Task: 1.Open a word document the title is Causes & types of injuries. 2. Using the internet find a definition of a sprain. 3. Use Google images to find a picture of a sprain. You have 4 minutes!

14. Signs & Symptoms of a Sprain SIGNS – what can you see? Swelling Bruising Discolouration SYMPTOMS – what are they telling you? Pain Immobility of the joint Unable to put weight on the injured part Task: In your word document list the signs and symptoms for a sprain

15. What sports are Sprains most common in and why? How would you treat a sprain? R.I.C.E Rest Ice Compression Elevation Task: In your word document state how you would treat a sprain and identify what sports are sprains most common in and why.

16. Fractures Task: 1.Open a word document the title is Causes & types of injuries. 2. Using the internet find a definition of a fracture 3. Use Google images to find a picture of a fracture You have 4 minutes!

17. Signs & Symptoms of a Fracture SIGNS – what can you see? Swelling Bruising Discolouration Deformity Blood if it is an open fracture Pale Sweating SYMPTOMS – what are they telling you? Pain Unable to move injured area Unable to put weight on the injured part Feel sick Task: In your word document list the signs and symptoms for a fracture

18. Phone 999 Reassure them Pad around the area if possible Keep them warm What sports are Fractures most common in and why? How would you treat a fracture? Task: In your word document state how you would treat a sprain and identify what sports are fractures most common in and why.

19. Fractures Two types of fractures: Simple/closed: Bone has broken under the skin. Compound/open fractures. The bone is broken through the skin. Signs & Symptoms: Pain Swelling Could hear a grating noise Deformity Blood if it is a open fracture

20. Treatment of a fracture Treatment of a Simple fracture: Call 999, support the injured part – take to hospital. DO NOT MOVE CASUALITY IN BOTH CASES! Treatment of a Compound fracture: –Call 999 cover the site with a sterile dressing to prevent blood loss. Apply pressure to stop bleeding BUT NOT ON THE BONE!!! What sports are fractures most common in?

21. Dislocation Task: 1.Open a word document the title is Causes & types of injuries. 2. Using the internet find a definition of a dislocation 3. Use Google images to find a picture of a dislocation You have 4 minutes!

22. Signs & Symptoms of a Dislocation SIGNS – what can you see? Swelling Bruising Redness Deformity Warmth to the area SYMPTOMS – what are they telling you? Pain Loss of movement Unable to put weight on the injured part Feel sick Task: In your word document list the signs and symptoms for a dislocation

23. Call 999 Reassure them Use a sling if possible Keep them warm What sports are dislocation most common in and why? How would you treat a dislocation? Task: In your word document state how you would treat a sprain and identify what sports are dislocations most common in and why.

24. Dislocations Dislocations are: Dislocations occur at joints where the bone comes away from the socket. Signs & Symptoms: Pain in the injured area. Loss of movement to the injured area Swelling Deformity of the area Warmth to the area Bruising or discolouration Redness.

25. Treatment of Dislocation Treatment: Call 999 for an ambulance Keep them warm to prevent shock occurring. Immobilise neck and dislocated shoulder with padded splints or sling. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO REPOSITION THE DISLOCATED BONE!!!! What sports are fractures most common in?

26. Concussion Task: 1.Open a word document the title is Causes & types of injuries. 2. Using the internet find a definition of a concussion 3. Use Google images to find a picture of a concussion You have 4 minutes!

27. Signs & Symptoms of a concussion SIGNS – what can you see? Swelling Bruising Maybe a cut on the head Pale SYMPTOMS – what are they telling you? Headache Dizziness Loss of short term memory Sickness Task: In your word document list the signs and symptoms for concussion

28. Conscious – keep them awake & monitor them, treat any wounds. Unconscious & breathing – put them in the recovery position, phone for an ambulance. What sports are concussion most common in and why? How would you treat a concussion? Task: In your word document state how you would treat a sprain and identify what sports are concussion most common in and why.

29. Concussion Concussion can be defined as a disturbance of the brain function and is usually brought about by a blow to the head. Signs & Symptoms: Dizziness Loss of short term memory Headache Sickness (nausea)

30. Treatment Conscious – keep them awake & monitor them, treat any wounds. Unconscious & breathing – put them in the recovery position, phone for an ambulance. What sport is concussion most common in?