1. Chapter 10 Review Sheet Class Notes

2. Key People 1. Eli Whitney: invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts. 2. Daniel Webster: representative from New Hampshire; speaker for the North; opposed state’s rights. 3. Samuel Slater: a mechanic who memorized the plans for a factory and built the first one in the US. 4. Francis Cabot Lowell: a capitalist who built a textile mill in Waltham, Massachusetts. 5. Dewitt Clinton: governor of NY who began the plans to build the Erie Canal. 6. John C. Calhoun: representative from South Carolina; speaker for the south; opposed the protective tariff. 7. Robert Fulton: designed the steamboat, the Clermont. 8. Henry Clay: representative from Kentucky; speaker for the west; developed the American System. 9. John Marshall: chief justice of the Supreme Court; decided the case of Marbury v. Madison. 10. James Monroe: president during the Era of Good Feelings.

3. Key Terms 1. Industrial Revolution: The change from producing goods by hand to making goods by machines using new forms of energy- began in the US in the early 1800’s. 2. Turnpike: A road that one must pay to use; the money is then used to pay for the road. 3. Census: The official count of a population. 4. Cotton gin: Invention that removed seeds from the cotton fiber. It increased the demand for cotton and the need for slaves. 5. Sectionalism: More loyalty to a state or a section in a country than loyalty to the whole country. 6. Patent: A document that gives an inventor the sole legal right to an invention for a period of time. 7. American system: Policies devised by Henry Clay to stimulate the growth of industry. 8. Disarmament: Removal of weapons. 9. Demilitarize: To remove armed forces from an area. 10. Internal improvements: Federal projects such as canals and roads to develop the nation’s transportation system.

4. Review Questions 1. The Industrial revolution began in Great Britain. 2. Conditions in Lowell mills were very good at first for the girls who worked there but got worse as time went on. 3. The tariff of 1816 was passed to protect northern factories from British competition. 4. Travel was difficult in the 1800’s because there were few roads, travelers faced native American attacks, it took a long time to travel. 5. The Erie Canal linked the great lakes to New York City.

5. Review Questions 6. John C. Calhoun opposed the protective tariff because it protected northern factories while hurting Southern farmers. 7. Missouri was added as a SLAVE state; Maine was added as a FREE state; slavery was banned above the Missouri Compromise Line. 8. In McColloch v Maryland, the Supreme Court ruled that Maryland could NOT tax the national bank because it was a FEDERAL institution. 9. The Monroe Doctrine warned European nations not to interfere in the newly independent nations of Latin America. 10. The Rush-Bagot Agreement said that the US and Great Britain would not be allowed to have warships on the Great Lakes.

6. Essay Changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution: ► New inventions made producing goods faster and cheaper. ► Goods were made by machines rather than hand. ► People moved from farms to cities to find work in factories. ► New sources of power were used (water, steam) ► Improvements in transportation opened the west for settlement. ► Cities developed, as did crime, spread of diseases, fires, etc. ► The cotton gin caused the South to grow more cotton and greatly increased the demand for slaves.