1. Unit 5: Nationalism, Sectionalism, and Economic Growth
SOL VA. US. 6a-d

2. Nationalism:
Love for one’s country

3. Love for one’s region or section of a country
Sectionalism:

4. Political & Economic Nationalism Develops
Following the War of 1812, Americans had a sense of national pride
Era of Good Feelings
James Monroe: 5th President
Political & Economic Nationalism Develops

5. Political Nationalism
Marshall Court
Goal:
Federalist in a Republican society:
Strengthen National Government

6. Marshall Court Decisions
McCulloch v. Maryland: Can States tax National Programs?
1) States cannot tax the national government
National Government over State Governments
2) National Bank was legal
National Bank will not be re-chartered in 1832: Andrew Jackson kills the BUS and sets off an economic downfall due to bank failures: Panic of 1837
Reinforced the doctrine of implied powers
National Bank

7. Gibbons v. Ogden Q: Who has the power to regulate navigation?
NY State gives steamboat ferry monopoly to Ogden
Hudson River: Under Articles of Confederation the government would not have had the power to enforce
A: National government controls interstate commerce (trade)

8. Political: Foreign Policy
Nationalist Goals:
1803: Louisiana Purchase had already doubled the size of the U.S.
Establish presence in world affairs
Expand & secure borders

9. Spain agreed to give up Florida to the United States
Adams – Onis Treaty
Spain agreed to give up Florida to the United States
JQA negotiates the purchase of this territory after Jackson’s raid against the Seminoles

10. Monroe Doctrine
We will stay out of your mess in return
America warns Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere

11. Economic Nationalism:
Henry Clay: “American System”
Goal:
To strengthen the American economy
How?
Improved Transportation
National Bank
Protective Tariffs

12. Provide low interest loans to expand business & industry
Re-chartered in 1816: By Republicans
Put in place by John Calhoun a man who later became a states rights advocate!!!
Opposed by who earlier? Republicans!!!
National Bank

13. Protective Tariff Allows American businesses to grow Tax on imports
Tariff of 1816 aimed at England
Tariff of 1828: Tariff of Abomination
1832: Compromise Tariff: Calhoun resignation, Nullification Crisis

14. Internal Improvements Bill vetoed by James Madison & James Monroe
Improved Transportation:
Allows people and goods to move throughout the country faster
American System: Internal Improvements
Federal founding vs State/Private Funding
Strict vs Loose interpretation
Canals
Roads
Internal Improvements Bill vetoed by James Madison & James Monroe

15. Economic Nationalism leads to Sectional Specialization
The United States was growing:
The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 doubled the size of the United States
Each section develops own unique economy

16. Industrialization Northeast
Factory System expands:
Samuel Slater: “Father of the Factory System” Machine: “Spinning Jenny”
Embargo Act and War of 1812 cut off competition from England
Factors that lead to industrialization:

17. - Rivers and streams
- Capital resources
- Poor agricultural conditions
- Large labor supply

18. Lowell System All in one production facility “Factory Girls”
Change from traditional work: “Republican Mothers”
New factories replace home spun cloth forcing women to the work place
Horrible working conditions: Commonwealth vs Hunt
New England becomes the center of textile production

19. Plantation Agriculture South
The Cotton Gin
Increased
Productivity
# of Plantations
Cash-Crop Economy
“King Cotton”
Indian Removal Act of 1830: Trail of Tears clears land for cotton growers

20. Diversified Farming West
Fertile farmland in Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys
Immigration: German and Irish Immigrants
Germans tended to move to the Western areas and farm
Irish tended to stay in the cities
- Attracts people from the east and Europe

21. Small farms give way to specialized farms
Wheat:
- Northern Plains
Corn and Livestock:
-Ohio River Valley
Cyrus McCormick & John Deere make improvements on farming equipment to increase output
Tobacco:
- Kentucky

22. Northeastern Needs:
Southern Cotton
Western food

23. Southern Needs:
Northern Manufactured Goods
Western Food

24. Western Needs:
Northern Manufactured Goods

25. Demands of the National Economy promotes the “Transportation Revolution”
Roads
Canals
Steamboats
Trains

26. Turnpikes (Toll Roads):
- Built by private companies from
- Cumberland Road: Allowed wagon traffic from the seaboard to the Ohio River Valley
National Road

27. Erie Canal “Clinton’s Big Ditch” Opened in 1825
- Linked New York City with New Orleans

28. Steamboats: Faster river travel

29. Most important change of the Transportation Revolution
Fast, Reliable, and cheaper than canals
1828: B&O
1860:30,000 miles of track laid: ¾ in the north
Trains:

30. The Transportation Revolution led to the development of the National Economy
North
West
South

31. Inventions Eli Whitney: Cotton Gin: removed seeds from cotton fiber
Provides the mills with large quantities of cotton to turn into cloth
Interchangeable Parts:
Mass production of machine equipment

32. John Deere & the Steel Plow

33. Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper

34. Samuel F. B. Morse
1840 – Telegraph

35. Elias Howe & Isaac Singer
1840s Sewing Machine

36. Robert Fulton & the Steamboat
The Clermont

37. American Population Centers in 1820

38. American Population Centers in 1860
Transportation Revolution led to the spreading of American Population

39. POTENTIAL EXPANSION PROBLEM
SLAVERY

40. Missouri Compromise (1820)
Missouri applies for statehood in 1819
Senate: 11 free states & 11 slave states

41. The Compromise Missouri enters Union as a slave state
Maine enters Union as a free state
A line is drawn at 36/30
Above it = Free
Below it = Slave
Compromise Created by Henry Clay

43. Growing Sectionalism

44. William H. Crawford [GA] 1824 Presidential Election
Henry Clay [KY]
Andrew Jackson
[TN}
John Quincy Adams [MA]
William H. Crawford [GA]
1824 Presidential Election

45. Results of the 1824 Election
A “Corrupt Bargain?”

46. 1828 Election Results

47. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c
Impact of decreasing property ownership requirements?
More “common people” can vote

48. Voter Turnout: