1. Chapter 7- Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism

2. The Industrial Revolution
Let’s look at the preview questions:
How do you think new inventions of the Industrial Revolution might further divide North and South?
Predict what types of things might have been done to lessen tensions.
Are there still tensions between different regions? What are they?

3. The North The North: becomes more industrialized
The Lowell Factory – Lowell, MA
exemplified the changes brought on by the Indust. Revolution
Booming manufacturing center, textiles
Opportunities for women

4. The North Farmers in the North had little motivation to use slaves.
crops did not require as much labor to grow, had smaller farms
many began to speak out against slavery
Most northern states abolish slavery by 1804

5. The South The Cotton Gin: patented by Eli Whitney in 1793
Turned much of the South into a “Cotton Kingdom”
Effect on slavery?
Increases from 700,000 to 1,200,000 from

6. The American System James Madison tries to unite the country
Proposes a plan to tie all regions together through transportation, tariffs, and a national bank
Henry Clay calls it the American System

7. The National Road and Erie Canal
Early forms of railroad to connect the regions of the country
National Road built in Eventually extends from Maryland to Illinois.
Erie Canal (completed in 1825) connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes

8. The “Era of Good Feelings”
Tariff of 1816
American products more expensive than foreign goods
Protective tariff placed on foreign goods
Northern Reaction: +
Southern Reaction: -
Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun helped gain support for the tariff

9. The “Era of Good Feelings”
National Bank: Second Bank of United States (BUS)
create a nationally accepted currency
Reception less divided
Would make trade easier in different regions
James Monroe elected in the “Era of Good Feelings”

10. Section 2- Nationalism at Center Stage
Robert Fulton’s steamboat-1807
150 miles up the Hudson in 32 hours
Method of transportation spread quickly to different regions
Helped unite economic life of the North and South

11. The Supreme Court Boosts National Power
Marshall Court
John Marshall, a Federalist, was appointed by John Adams in 1801 and served as Chief Justice for 34 years.
He transformed nationalistic ideas into court decisions, which increased federal power and aided economic development.
Marshall elevated the prestige of the Supreme Court and strengthened its power

12. Supreme Court Boosts National Power
Gibbons v. Ogden 1824-Supreme Court Case
Aaron Ogden- worked for Fulton’s steamboat service
Claimed only he could run a steamboat service on the Hudson
Thomas Gibbons began running a steamboat service- Ogden sues and takes him to court
Court rules with Gibbons-interstate commerce could only be regulated by fed. Government
Long term- government can regulate ANYTHING that crosses state lines.

13. Supreme Court Boosts National Power
McCulloch v Maryland 1819-Supreme Court Case
Maryland had levied a high tax on the local branch of the National Bank of the U.S.- hoped to make it fail
Court ruled against Maryland and claimed
the National Bank to be constitutional.
One of many cases that strengthened the
federal government.
Chief Justice John Marshall
(in office )

14. Nationalism helps shape foreign policy
National interests should be placed ahead of regional concerns and foreign interests.
Strongly supported by President James Monroe and Secretary of State John Quincy Adams
John Quincy Adams

15. Nationalism vs. Patriotism
“Nationalism is the habit of assuming that human beings can be classified like insects and that whole blocks of millions or tens of millions of people can be confidently labeled 'good' or 'bad‘” -George Orwell He goes on to make the differentiation between “nationalism” and “patriotism.” Patriotism, Orwell states, is harmless. It is a love of native culture, and the patriot has no need to impose that culture on others. But history is indeed littered with examples of triumphal nationalism, the notion of the nation as a claim to superiority.

16. Nationalism
Nationalism- Good or Bad? Somewhere in between? Talk to your partner about this.

17. Territory and Boundaries
John Quincy Adams- Sec. of State Accomplishments
Rush-Bagot Treaty, U.S. and Canada demilitarize their common border.
Convention of compromised with Britain to jointly rule Oregon territory, moved U.S. border at the 49th parallel up to the Rocky Mountains
Adams-Onis Treaty Spain, too weak to manage colonies, cedes Florida to the U.S. and gave up claims to Oregon Territory

18. Territory and Boundaries

19. The Monroe Doctrine 1823
Developments in Europe lead to interests in Latin American colonies by European nations.
The Monroe Doctrine 1823
Message to Congress by President Monroe
Warns European nations not to interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere
U.S. would consider such action “dangerous to our peace and safety.”
The U.S. would not interfere in European
affairs or existing colonies.

20. GO WEST! Westward Expansion 1817-1830s
Americans headed to the Northwest Territory (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan)
Most went for economic gains

21. The Missouri Compromise
When population of a territory reached 60,000 its people could petition for statehood
In 1819, there were 11 free states and 11 slave states
Missouri petitions for statehood in slave or free?
Hostilities between North and South over Missouri
Henry Clay proposes the Missouri Compromise:
1. Maine- admitted as a free state; Missouri- slave state
’ line established for Louisiana Territory-slavery legal south of the line ; illegal north of the line except Missouri

22. The Missouri Compromise
Discuss with your partner how the Missouri Compromise was a victory for both the North and South. Predict how the compromise could lead to future problems.