1. Inventory Approaches to Forest Baselines: MAV Bottomland Hardwoods Case Study James E. Smith and Linda S. Heath Northeastern Research Station Durham, NH Forestry and Agriculture Greenhouse Gas Modeling Forum October 12-15, 2004 Shepherdstown, WV

2. Topics Inventory of MAV bottomland hardwood forests Carbon estimates from inventory – FORCARB 1605b default tables for forestry – average carbon growth and yield Uncertainty related to site-to-site heterogeneity Case study: Bottomland hardwood estimates for afforestation scenarios

3. FIA permanent inventory plots in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain ecoregion Bottomland hardwoods Other forest types

4. MAV Bottomland Hardwoods: Current area and carbon stocks summarized from FIADB and FORCARB StateSurvey yearAll forestBottomland hardwoods Planted bottomland hardwoods Carbon in bottomland hardwoods --------1000 acres--------Mt Arkansas20022,2629312067.2 Illinois20028800.5 Kentucky2002504123.6 Louisiana20033,3521,4251287.6 Mississippi19941,0941,0621965.4 Missouri200115511128.8 Tennessee199712211907.0 7,0433,69756240.1

5. Change in bottomland hardwoods between two successive surveys State/ Survey Year Natural RegenerationPlanted 1000 acres Arkansas 19951,85017 200291120 Louisiana 19912,89134 20031,41312

6. FORCARB: Regional and National Estimates of Carbon in Forest Ecosystems and in Harvested Wood Inventory data, forest growth models, or state- level aggregate data Process or empirical models to simulate specific carbon pools or transfer between pools Based on: &

7. Inventory data from FIA Phase 2 permanent plots Carbon estimates are based on tree species and dimensions, forest type, volume of growing stock, and stand age.

8. PRODUCTS IN USE Lumber Plywood Other panels Solid wood Paper Recycled Paper LANDFILLS Landfill wood Landfill paper EMISSIONS Waste wood, decayed or burned with no energy captured Decay of products & landfills BURNED FOR ENERGY Products sent to landfills, recycling, emissions FORCARB also estimates components of carbon in harvested wood

9. Biomass from tree data: Examples of generalized equations for 6 select species groups dbh (cm) SOURCE: Jenkins and others, 2003

10. Forest floor carbon accumulation, decay, and total Example: Southern pines 0 10 20 30 0255075 Years Carbon mass density (Mg/ha) Mixed or unknown age SOURCE: Smith and Heath, 2002 accumulation TOTAL decomposition

11. Comparison of FORCARB results and available P3 data for South Central Bottomland Hardwoods, n=3635 n=47

12. Comparison of FORCARB results and available P3 data for South Central Bottomland Hardwoods, n=3635 n=25

13. 1605b Default Tables for Forestry Carbon growth and yield tables Based on regional averages from growth and yield of merchantable volume, FORCARB estimators, and FIA inventory data.

14. Age Mean Volume Mean Carbon Density Live treeStanding dead tree Under- story Down dead wood Forest floor Soil organic Total nonsoil Yearsm 3 /haMetric tons carbon per hectare 000.0 37.90 5029.30.01.70.01.138.032 101134.71.01.71.12.139.641 152340.21.81.71.93.042.249 203947.92.61.62.73.744.559 255454.93.21.63.34.446.367 307162.93.81.63.95.047.677 358770.34.31.64.45.548.486 4010477.94.71.64.96.048.995 Afforestation of bottomland hardwoods: DRAFT 1605b default table NOTE: These estimates are undergoing internal review.

15. Afforestation of Bottomland Hardwoods, South Central U.S. Live trees Soil organic carbon to 1m Forest floor Down dead wood Understory Standing dead trees DRAFT

16. Afforestation followed by harvest with carbon in harvested wood products - Bottomland Hardwoods, South Central U.S. Emitted Emitted with energy capture Landfills Products in use DRAFT

17. Volume to live tree carbon from table relative to plot-level estimates - Bottomland Hardwoods Estimates from table Plot-level estimates

18. Estimates from table Yield predictions from table relative to plot-level estimates - Bottomland Hardwoods Plot-level estimates

19. Uncertainty from site-to-site variability for age- based predictions of live tree carbon Bottomland Hardwoods Estimates from table Plot-level estimates

20. Uncertainty in total carbon stock at 20-years from Monte Carlo simulation - Bottomland Hardwoods +41%-30%

21. Afforestation of Bottomland Hardwoods, South Central U.S. Live trees Soil organic carbon to 1m Forest floor Down dead wood Understory Standing dead trees DRAFT

22. Carbon sequestration in 2015 52,700 t C, based on the 51,900 acres identified as planted by the FIADB. To achieve 5 Mt C, need to plant 5,830,000 acres now. 474,000 t C, possible if 50,000 acres were planted each year from 1991 through 2000.

23. Carbon sequestration in 2015 52,700 t C, based on the 51,900 acres identified as planted by the FIADB. To achieve 5 Mt C, need to plant 5,830,000 acres now. 474,000 t C, possible if 50,000 acres were planted each year from 1991 through 2000. 63% Live Tree 19% Soil 18% Other 52% Live Tree 24% Soil 23% Other 64% Live Tree 18% Soil 18% Other