1. President Adams – President Jefferson (1796 – 1800) (1800 – 1808)
Goal 1 Part 2
President Adams – President Jefferson
(1796 – 1800) (1800 – 1808)

2. 1796 Presidential election:
Washington decides NOT to run for
a third term: WHY?
1796 Election
Federalists: John Adams (President)
Anti-Federalists: Thomas Jefferson (VICE President)
OUTCOME: Adams is elected, and Jefferson is (VP)
*Outcome: ____________________________________
SPLIT in opposing parties
*** SECTIONALISM ***
placing the interests of one region over the nation
North – votes for Adams / South – votes for Jefferson
Abigail Adams (John Adams’ wife)
“Remember the Ladies” title of a very important letter written to remind her husband of women’s struggle for rights and collective activism

3. Adams as President Like Washington, wants to AVOID War
France – mad at America
Reasons why the French are mad:
(1) Pinckney’s TREATY (Spain)
(2) Jay’s TREATY (British)
(3) French REVOLUTION (no support)
French response: capture American ships bound for Britain ____________________
Adams sends 3 delegates to “talk it out / calm down” to FRANCE
Leads to the ********XYZ AFFAIR**********
(looming war with France )

4. XYZ AFFAIR (1797) American reaction: (1) avoid war
(2) 3 American delegates or officials are rejected by the French!
Charles Pinckney / John Marshall / Elbridge Gerry
French reaction:
XYZ = 3 “secret” Frenchmen that represented the French government
(1) $12 million loan from America
(2) Personal apology from President Adams
(2) bribes America by demanding $250,000 payment in
order to stop “bullying” America and seizing American ships (impressments)=
American reaction to bribe: America NEVER paid a thing!
“Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute”
(Rather fight than honor bribes)

5. Results of XYZ Affair (1797) (all under President Adams)
(1) Washington was brought out of retirement to lead new Army against the French
“Commander in Chief of armies raised or to be raised”
(2) UNDECLARED WAR BETWEEN THE U.S AND THE FRENCH
(3) Nativism – anti immigrant feeling / major support for your own country (escalates)
(4) Nationalism – deep devotion or pride in one’s country (escalates)
(5) Creation of the U.S. Navy

7. T. Q. Which statement best describes relations between the U. S
T.Q. Which statement best describes relations between the U.S. and France in the late 1790s?
A. They were strong allies
B. They were on the verge of war
C. They were mutually respectful
D. They had little contact
*Due to what major event??

8. Adams as President
1796 – 1800
***********Judiciary Act of 1801*********
- increased the number of circuit court justices by 16
*Midnight Judges*
midnight before Adams left office, he appointed FEDERALIST Judges to the Circuit Courts – WHY?????????
Problem: Jefferson is president the next day
Jefferson DOES NOT like the Federalist judges!
Who is being left out? _________________________

9. MARBURY vs. MADISON (1803)
Marbury = Midnight Judge
Sect of State (James Madison) was supposed to deliver papers according the Judiciary Act of 1789.
Marbury never got papers and sued
John Marshall (Chief Justice of the Supreme Court) ruled Marbury’s claim was UNCONSTITUTIONAL
OVERALL OUTCOME:
***JUDICIAL REVIEW*** – the ability for the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress Unconstitutional

10. John Marshall and the Supreme Court
Adams as President appointed
John Marshall (Federalist) as
Chief Justice of Supreme Court
*MOST IMPORTANT: John Marshall wanted to INCREASE the size and power
of the federal government over
the states & increase power
in the Supreme Court
Who supports this? __________

11. Alien & Sedition Acts (1798)
Main purpose:
a growing threat of France against the U.S. government
Alien Acts –
(1) raised the residence requirements for American citizenship from 5 to 14 years
(2) MOST foreign people would vote for Democratic-Republicans!
Sedition Acts (Ex. Treason)
Set fines or jail time for anyone AGAINST the operation of the American government (CAN’T CRITICIZE THE GOVERNMENT)
Result: Jailed a lot of Democratic – Republicans (didn’t support a strong central government)
* What level of government gains more power? _______________
VERY IMPORTANT: 2 Arguments:
(1) Violated the First Amendment rights of free speech (citizen's rights)
(2) Dem-Republicans – claims the Alien and Sed. Acts are a COMPLETE MISUSE OF FEDERAL POWER

13. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Jeffersonian / Democratic – Republicans HATED the Alien and Sedition Acts
(Due to: misuse of federal power) so………
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison wrote the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions
Virginia & Kentucky Resolution:
An organized opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts (why?)
State ARGUMENT: Compact Theory (13 states, under contract, committed to the creation of the Federal court system
*** The states created the federal system, the federal system creates the laws, therefor the states have the right to…..
Nullification theory / Compact theory / “States’ Rights Theory”
********* NULLIFICATION *********
established in the V and K Res. = states have the right to nullify, or void, ANY act of Congress that they see unconstitutional
Federal ARGUMENT / Counteracting the Compact Theory: The PEOPLE, not the states, created the federal government – so democratic voting should take place instead of the entire state not adopting a law form the federal government
Connection to Reconstruction and Lincoln:

14. President Thomas Jefferson 1800-1808
1800 Presidential election = FIRST Democratic-Republican President
Adams – Federalist vs. Jefferson – Dem-Rep.
*Bloodless/Peaceful Revolution = “peaceful transfer of power” from one political party to another (Federalist to Dem-Rep) *Nickname for 1800 presidential election
*NO POLITICAL STRIFE UNTIL 1824 (CORRUPT BARGAIN)
Major platform:
(1) Downsize the influence of
the national government (simplify it – best for a republic)
(2) try to dispose of the Bank of the U.S. (why?) 2 reasons
(3) Represent the South (STATES)
Result of election: Federalists began to despise politics

15. Louisiana Purchase and Jefferson
Land from Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains
1800, Spain sold the Louisiana Territory to FRANCE
- French rule could take over the mid-continent ?????
French decide to sell the territory to America!!!15 MILLION

16. ******Jefferson’s views on Louisiana Purchase******
Jefferson’s STRICT interpretation of the Constitution made him doubt the purchase
T.Q. = Why was Jefferson apprehensive about the Louisiana Purchase???
*Importance:
Doubled the size
of America

17. Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804)
Commissioned by Jefferson
Purpose: Explore West and make new maps
(St. Louis to Pacific through OREGON Country = unexplored)
Sacajawea = Native American guide
Zebulon Pike = Spanish territory to California

18. Positive and Negative Chart (Goal 1 Part 1 and 2)
Directions: Argue the Positive AND Negative aspects of each topic / issue
Federal Government Power
State Government power
Bank of the United States / Hamilton’s Economic plan
Protective Tariffs
Excise taxes
Neutrality
Pinckney’s Treaty
Jay’s Treaty
Election of John Adams
Abigail Adams
XYZ Affair
Adams’ appointment of the “midnight judges”
Marbury V. Madison
“Marshall Court”
Alien & Sedition Acts
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Presidential election of Thomas Jefferson in 1800
Louisiana Purchase
Lewis and Clark (Pike) Expedition