1. Ka whawhai tonu ake: The last crusade: Māori cultural & intellectual property rights Spencer Lilley Te Atiawa, Muaupoko, Ngāpuhi Aotearoa, New Zealand

2. Overview Māori Māori cultural property Māori intellectual property Intellectual property laws C & IP Infringements Tino Rangatiratanga (Māori self-determination) Libraries & cultural institutions Digitisation

3. Māori Indigenous peoples of New Zealand 15% of New Zealand’s population 80% live in urban centres Kinship system based on whānau (family), hapu (sub-tribe), iwi (tribes) Identity linked with kinship and the environment Values system based in tikanga Māori which guides our protocols Te Reo Māori an official language

4. Ko Taranaki te Maunga; Ko Waitara te Awa Ko Tokomaru te Waka; Ko Ngati Te Whiti te hapu; Ko Te Atiawa te Iwi

5. Māori cultural property Cultural taonga (treasures) Whakairo (carvings) Toi iho (artistic patterns) Taonga tuku iho (ancestral heirlooms) Waiata (sung poetry) Whenua (ancestral lands), Wai awa (lakes & other waterways) Urupā (burial sites) Tuhituhi korero (Manuscripts, letters, archives)

6. Māori intellectual property Mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) Ngā kete o wananga 3 baskets of knowledge Te kete tuauri Te kete tuatea Te kete aronui –Carvings, arts, artefacts, oral traditions, rongoa Māori (medicines)

7. The Treaty of Waitangi Contractual agreement between Māori and the Crown in 1840 Article two guaranteed……. The Queen of England agrees to protect the chiefs, the subtribes and all the people of New Zealand in the unqualified exercise of their chieftainship over their lands, villages and all their treasures

8. NZ Intellectual Property Law The Copyright Act 1994 The Designs Act 1953 The Plant Variety Rights Act 1987 The Patents Act 1953 The Trademarks Act 2002.

9. Tino Rangatiratanga Maatatua Declaration WAI 262 (Flora & Fauna Claim) Toi Iho Ngati Toa – Ka Mate Haka Repatriation Māori Trademarks

11. Libraries & Cultural Institutions Traditional knowledge goldmine –Manuscripts, archives, diaries, whakapapa books, audio & visual materials, ko iwi (human remains), archaeological remains –Issues of access vs. ownership –Repatriation –Digitization

12. Digitization Internet - follows in the wake of other forms of cultural imperialism & exploitation Images, information & audio misappropriated, shared and used in unsafe contexts Mis-information published, valued & quoted by those that don’t know and those that don’t care Rangatiratanga not always able to be exercised Lack of clear policy statements Digital Repatriation not always the answer

13. NZ Electronic Text Centre Digitizers of early NZ books and other collections of important literature Large collection of Māori resources Conscious of Māori cultural & intellectual property issues Committed to consultation Horatio Robley’s-Moko: or Maori tattooing Images of mokamokai (preserved heads) http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/name- 400692.htmlhttp://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/name- 400692.html