2. Fascism in Europe

3. What is Fascism? A political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and dictatorial one party rule. A political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and dictatorial one party rule. Mussolini

4. Who said it: Mussolini or Kanye West “It's good to trust others but, not to do so is much better.” “It's good to trust others but, not to do so is much better.” "It is humiliating to remain with our hands folded while others write history. It matters little who wins. To make a people great it is necessary to send them to battle even if you have to kick them in the pants.” "It is humiliating to remain with our hands folded while others write history. It matters little who wins. To make a people great it is necessary to send them to battle even if you have to kick them in the pants.” "I might have to go back to war. I just might have to." "I might have to go back to war. I just might have to." "Nothing in life is promised except death." "Nothing in life is promised except death." "I realize that my place and position in history is that I will go down as the voice of this generation, of this decade. That I will be the loudest voice." "I realize that my place and position in history is that I will go down as the voice of this generation, of this decade. That I will be the loudest voice." “It is better to live one day as a lion than 100 years as a sheep.” “It is better to live one day as a lion than 100 years as a sheep.” “We become strongest, I feel, when we have no friends upon whom to lean, or to look for moral guidance” Mussolini said it Kanye said it Mussolini said it BOTH HAVE “BIG HEADS”

5. What is fascism? A system of government under a dictator. A system of government under a dictator. Strong support of the nation over the individual!! Strong support of the nation over the individual!! Usually involves terror, censorship, nationalism, and racism. Usually involves terror, censorship, nationalism, and racism.

6. Why Fascism? Many European countries saw fascism, communism, and dictatorship as the only way to survive the economic problems and instability. Many European countries saw fascism, communism, and dictatorship as the only way to survive the economic problems and instability. Basic Features: Extreme Nationalism Glorified violence Discipline Blind loyalty to the country

7. Communism vs. Fascism Communism Promote a classless society Promote a classless society One supreme leader One supreme leader Goal: Spread of communism worldwide Goal: Spread of communism worldwide Fascism Allow for different classes to emerge Allow for different classes to emerge Goal: Devotion to one’s country (NATIONALISM) Goal: Devotion to one’s country (NATIONALISM) The wills of the country over the people The wills of the country over the people

8. The Rise of Mussolini in Italy Benito Mussolini (1883-1945)

9. Problems after WWI for Italy 460,000 soldiers killed 460,000 soldiers killed Heavy debt (wars are expensive) Heavy debt (wars are expensive) Britain and France did not give Italy the land they promised Britain and France did not give Italy the land they promised This is what got Italy to switch sides This is what got Italy to switch sides Government of Italy at the time was bad Government of Italy at the time was bad Rising unemployment Rising unemployment

10. Mussolini began his career as a journalist where he started to gain his own ideas in what became known as Fascism. Mussolini began his career as a journalist where he started to gain his own ideas in what became known as Fascism. Benito Mussolini

11. Mussolini gains power Came to power in 1922 and was appointed Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel to prevent a Communist Revolution in Italy Came to power in 1922 and was appointed Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel to prevent a Communist Revolution in Italy Mussolini set up a Fascist Party and promised to solve Italy’s problems Mussolini set up a Fascist Party and promised to solve Italy’s problems Promised to rebuild Italy” Promised to rebuild Italy” Organized armed gangs called the “Blackshirts” Organized armed gangs called the “Blackshirts” Blackshirts: Supporters of Mussolini

12. 1922 March on Rome To establish Mussolini and the Fascist Party as the most important party in Italy To establish Mussolini and the Fascist Party as the most important party in Italy Mussolini said this at a party conference: Mussolini said this at a party conference: "Either the government will be given to us or will shall seize it by marching on Rome."

13. Seizure of Power Mussolini’s capture of power In October 1922, 30,000 fascists marched on Rome, threatening King Victor Emmanuel III to give Mussolini the power. In October 1922, 30,000 fascists marched on Rome, threatening King Victor Emmanuel III to give Mussolini the power. The king did not love the former liberal politicians, so he agreed to give Mussolini the power The king did not love the former liberal politicians, so he agreed to give Mussolini the power

14. March on Rome, 1922

15. His leadership He enforced fascism throughout his country. He forced all the other political parties to be illegal and he also got rid of the democracy. His opponents were put to jail by his secret police. The government took control of all the radio stations and all the other Medias to broadcast only the doctrines of the fascism.

16. A couple of quick questions Do you think people were upset by Mussolini creating a fascist state Italy? Do you think people were upset by Mussolini creating a fascist state Italy? I mean Mussolini is restricting freedom, he is terrorizing people through his secret police? I mean Mussolini is restricting freedom, he is terrorizing people through his secret police? Most of the Italians in the 1920s- 30s supported Mussolini and his fascist state!! How do you think Mussolini was able to gain and maintain this much support?

17. Government by Propaganda One of the reasons why Mussolini was able to gain support from the people was the through use of propaganda. One of the reasons why Mussolini was able to gain support from the people was the through use of propaganda. Propaganda = message such as posters made to convince people’s mind, sometimes with lies Propaganda = message such as posters made to convince people’s mind, sometimes with lies

18. Mussolini “Controlled Media” Mussolini and his government controlled all the multi-medias including radio, press, newspaper and education to force people to think that fascism was the right and the best doctrine. Mussolini and his government controlled all the multi-medias including radio, press, newspaper and education to force people to think that fascism was the right and the best doctrine. Propaganda was also used to ensure the national spirit for the people in Italy and remind people how powerful Mussolini was. Propaganda was also used to ensure the national spirit for the people in Italy and remind people how powerful Mussolini was.

19. Propaganda Posters The poster on the far right shows the slogan by Mussolini. It says, “Believe, Obey, Fight”. The poster on the far right shows the slogan by Mussolini. It says, “Believe, Obey, Fight”. Men were encouraged to be ruthless, selfless warriors for the glory of Italy Men were encouraged to be ruthless, selfless warriors for the glory of Italy

20. Women and children policies Women were pushed out of paying jobs Women were pushed out of paying jobs “Win the battle of Motherhood!” “Win the battle of Motherhood!” 14 or more children = given a medal by Mussolini himself 14 or more children = given a medal by Mussolini himself Schools taught the discipline to the students – Believe, Obey, and Fight! Schools taught the discipline to the students – Believe, Obey, and Fight! Taught them to chant “Mussolini is always right” Taught them to chant “Mussolini is always right”

21. More Propaganda

22. Nazism FascismCommunism * These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism, are completely different theories that are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the same behavior Totalitarianism

23. I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953. What is Communism? LEFT WING based on theory by Karl Marx revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a “classless society” state ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership) Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements of communism

24. I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943. What is Fascism? RIGHT WING intense nationalism and elitism totalitarian control interests of the state more important than individual rights maintain class system and private ownership Interesting Fact: Fascism name was derived from the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax

25. I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945. What is Nazism? extremely fascist, nationalistic and totalitarian based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the “master race” belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in Europe Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germany’s problems on them