1. Fascism in Italy

2. Mussolini's Rise to Power
1915: France and Britain had promised Italy Austro-Hungarian territories.
Italy recieves some, the others territories become Yugoslavia.
Inspired by the revolutions in Russia peasants siezed lands and went on strike
Taxes rose, and the government became powerless.
Mussolini's Rise to Power

3. A Leader Emerges Benito Mussolini Was fiery and charismatic
1919- Mussolini organizes veterans in the Fascist Party
Named after “fasces”, bundled sticks wrapped around an axe; in ancient Rome it was a sign of unity and authority.
Promised to end corruption
A Leader Emerges

4. Mussolini Gains Control
Organized “combat squads” known as Black Shirts, party militants.
Used intimidation and terror to oust elected officials in northern Italy
1922- March on Rome; thousands swarm Rome.
Mussolini is given power from King Victor Emmanuel III on October 30, 1922
Mussolini Gains Control

5. Mussollini's Rule 1925, takes the name Il Duce, The Leader.
1929- gains support from the Pope by accepting Vatican City as a separate state.
Italy is a dictatorship ran by terror
Censorship
Rigged Elections
Secret Police
Critics thrown in prison, forced into exile or murdered.
Mussollini's Rule

6. State Control of the Economy
Brings economy under state control, yet preserves captialism.
Representatives of labor, government and the Fascist party controlled industry, agriculture, and trade.
Favors upper class and industrial leaders.
Production increases at the cost of the workers
State Control of the Economy

7. The Individual and the State
The state was all important, and the individual was unimportant except as a member of the state.
Men- pushed to be ruthless warriors for Italy.
Children – were shaped for the future
Torchlight parades, chanting “Mussolini is always right”
Women- “win the battle of motherhood”
Women who had more then 14 children were given a medal by Mussolini himself.
The Individual and the State

8. The Nature of Fascism Totalitarian State
One party dictatorship attempt to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens.
First of it's kind
Hitler and Stalin follow in nature
The Nature of Fascism

9. What is Fascism? Fascism
Any centeralized, authoritarian government that is not communist whose policies glorify the state over the individual and are destructive to basic human rights.
Has no unifying theory
Extreme Nationalism and blind loyalty to the state
Aggressive foreign expanism and violence
Antidemocratic
What is Fascism?

10. The Appeal of Fascism Promises a strong, stable government.
Revives national pride
Newspapers in Britain, France, and North America compliment the discipline and order of the government.
The Appeal of Fascism

11. Fascism Compared to Communism
Fascist
Nationalist Goals
Defined Classes
Allies in business leaders, wealthy land owners.
Communism
International Goals
Classless Society
Support from urband and agricultural workers
Fascism Compared to Communism

12. Fascism Compared to Communism
Both had much in common though
Require blind devotion to the state
A charismatic leader
Used terror to guard their power
Flourish during econmic hard times
Promote extreme programs of social change
Claims to rule in the name of national interest
Fascism Compared to Communism

13. Looking Ahead Three Systems of government competed for influence
Democracy
Britain
France
Communism
Russia
Fascism
Italy
Germany
Looking Ahead