1. Birth of Kingdoms

2. Objectives
Describe how William the Conqueror and Henry II strengthened English royal power.
Analyze the traditions of government that developed under King John and later English monarchs.
Explain how strong monarchs unified France.

3. Power Struggle Form the framework for Nation-States
Modern day countries
Church
Monarchs
Nobles

4. History of England Alfred the Great united tribes(1st King)
King Edward dies, with no heir, competing claims between Harold and William
William the Conqueror and Battle of Hastings (1066).
New Norman rulers and diffusion that took place.

5. Expanding Royal Power William had a complete census taken. Why?
“Domesday Book”
Listed every castle, field, and pigpen in England

7. Developing a Unified Legal System
1154 – Henry II
Creates English common law
Legal system based on custom and court rulings
Creates jury system
Group of men sworn to speak the truth

8. Henry II Consistently clashed with the church
Archbishop of Canterbury – Thomas Becket
“Who will rid me of this meddlesome priest?”
Brutally murdered after he opposed Henry

9. Fight for Control King John the Soft sword constantly at war
Runnymede, 1215 signs Magna Carta. Lords look to limit Kings’ power.

10. Beginnings of Democratic Ideas
INFORMALLY began after Magna Carta:
King Edward calls “model parliament” 1295 for first time 
Two houses, commons and lords.
Today’s impact. United States?
French Estates General set in 1302 after struggle with the Church.
3 “Estates” to balance power of church

11. French Kings Capetians consolidate power around Paris
Phillip II Augustus increases power of French by taking back land from English.
Crushed the Albigensians to retake southern France

12. Louis IX Beloved King Persecuted heretics
Those who held beliefs contrary to church teachings, Jewish population
Led French knights in two crusades against the Muslims

14. 8.2 H.R.E. and Church Battle

15. Otto I King of Germany 936 Appointed bishops to top govt. positions
HRE had constant problems of fighting strong nobles and Church.

16. Henry IV
Pope Gregory VII banned lay investiture in Who was hurt most?
Henry IV (German Emperor) and his Bishops protested vehemently to the Pope, and asked for his resignation.
EXCOMMUNICATION
January 1077 in Canossa, Henry IV sat outside in the snow for three days before being forgiven.
Outcome?
Treaty of Worms gives power to Church

17. H.R.E.
Struggles in Italy and around Empire lead to strong nobility as emperors are constantly gone.
Barbarossa gets bogged down in Italy 

18. Church Power Increases
Pope Innocent III – claimed supremacy over all rulers.
“[The Pope] stands between God and man, lower than God but higher than men, who judges and is judged by no one”
Showed power over King John of England and Philip II of France.
Extended Papal States