1. Royal Power of Kings in England and France

2. Growth of Royal Power A.Kings in Europe struggled to exert power over nobles and churchmen. 1. set up a system of royal justice. 2. organized the government (bureaucracy) 3. developed a system of taxes 4. built an army 5. improved relations with the middle class to keep peace and unity and help with trade.

3. Growth of Royal Power in England B. 1066 unclaimed British throne 1. William of Normandy vs Harold 2. Battle of Hastings William defeats Harold on Christmas Day. 3. William the Conqueror took power away from the lords. a. had a census taken – Domesday Book b. it listed every castle, field and pigpen in England c. this helped the system of tax collecting increasing the exchequer (treasury)

4. Henry II Broadened the system of royal justice. Expanded customs and traditions into laws Sent out traveling justices. Decisions made in royal courts founded English common law Developed a jury system to determine if a case should be brought to trial. Claimed the right to try clergy in royal court This caused a dispute with the Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Becket.

5. King John Had three major disputes (problems) 1.King Phillip II defeated John in a war and forced John to give up land in Anjou and Normandy (France). 2.Pope Innocent III over the selection of the archbishop of Canterbury. John rejected the Pope’s nominee Pope excommunicated him Pope placed England under interdict John had to accept England as fief and pay a yearly fee to Rome.

6. John II 3. Nobles John angered them with high taxes and abuses of power. They made him sign the Magna Carta which took away his power to tax and gave rights to nobles first then citizens. Parliament developed due to the signing of the Magna Carta.

7. Royal Power in France Capetians Made the throne hereditary Added to land (nobles vs. nobles) Gained support of the Church Built an effective bureaucracy Government officials collected taxes and enforced royal laws. Established order and gained the backing of the middle class.

8. Phillip Augustus Paid middle class officials to work in government. ( earn loyalty) Granted charters – established new towns Organized an army Started a national tax Increased land holdings Took back Normandy and Anjou Put down Albigensian uprising

9. Louis IX Persecuted Jews Led wars against Muslims Sent out roving officials to check on local officials. Expanded royal courts outlawed private wars. Ended serfdom By 1270 France was an efficient monarchy

10. Phillip IV Collected new taxes from the clergy. Clashed with Pope Boniface VII over this. Pope told Phillip he needed Papal consent Phillip threatened to arrest any clergy who didn’t pay. Phillip sent troops to seize the Pope. He was beaten and later died. Elected a French Pope who moved the papal court to France ensuring future French rulers would control religion in their own kingdoms. Set up the Estates General which had representatives from all three classes (estates). It didn’t develop into the same role as Parliament.