1. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 1 4-2 The Colonies Grow 1607-1770 Government, Religion, and Culture

2. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 2 English Colonial Rule In England, Parliament replaced King James with his daughter, Mary, and her husband, William. This “Glorious Revolution” showed how much power elected representatives have.

3. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 3 In 1689, William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights. It guaranteed certain rights to all English citizens and later inspired the people who created the American Bill of Rights.

4. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 4 England viewed its North American colonies as an economic resource. The colonies provided England with raw materials, which they used to produce goods they in turn sold to the colonists.

5. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 5 Remember, the theory of mercantilism says that as a nation's trade grows, its gold reserves increase, and the nation becomes more powerful.

6. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 6 To make money, England had to export more than it imported. To be sure that only England benefited from trade with the colonies, Parliament passed a series of laws.

7. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 7 The Navigation Acts said who the colonies could (and could not) trade with. They kept the colonists from sending things like sugar or tobacco outside England's empire.

8. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 8 Navigation Acts

9. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 9 Some colonists ignored these laws and began smuggling, or trading illegally, with other nations. Later, these controls on trade caused problems between the colonies and England.

10. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 10 Colonial Government The colonists brought ideas about government with them from England. By the 1600s the English people had political liberties, like trial by jury, that were almost unheard of elsewhere.

11. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 11 At the heart of the English system were two principles of government. Limited government and representative government greatly influenced the development of the United States. STOP

12. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 12 The idea that government was not all-powerful had first appeared in the Magna Carta in 1215.

13. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 13 The Magna Carta established the principle of limited government. Even the king was not above the law! The Magna Carta protected the citizens from unfair punishment and from the loss of life, liberty, and property.

14. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 14 How the Magna Cart came to be…

15. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 15 Magna Carta

16. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 16 FROM An Emerging Culture From the 1720s to the 1740s, a religious revival called the Great Awakening swept through the colonies and led to the formation of lots of new churches. TO

17. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 17 The Great Awakening

18. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 18 Most colonists valued education. Education began in New England where 85% of men and half of the women could read. School systems were set up to make sure that everyone could read and study the Bible.

19. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 19 The first was Harvard College, established in 1636 by the Puritans in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Anglicans founded William and Mary College in Virginia in 1693.

20. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 20 By the middle of the 1700s, many educated colonists were influenced by the Enlightenment. This movement began in Europe and spread the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society.

21. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 21 In the colonies, the Enlightenment increased interest in science. People observed nature, staged experiments, and published their findings. The best known American scientist was Benjamin Franklin.

22. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 22 Enlightenment

23. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 23 In 1735 John Peter Zenger of the New York Weekly Journal faced charges of libel for printing a critical report about the royal governor of New York.

24. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 24 His lawyer argued that free speech was a basic right of English people. He asked the jury to base its decision on whether Zenger's article was true, not whether it was offensive.

25. Copyright 2005 Heathcock 25 The jury found Zenger NOT GUILTY. At the time, the case appeared insignificant. Today it is viewed as an important step in the development of a free press in America.