1. Chapter 1 fifth grade social studies

2. theory: A possible explanation

3. migration: the movement of people

4. technology: the use of scientific knowledge or tools to make or do something

5. agriculture: farming

6. civilization a culture that usually has cities and well developed forms of government, religion, and learning

7. diversity great differences among the people

8. confederation a loose group of governments working together

9. cause an event or an action that makes something else happen

10. effect something that happens as a result of an event or action

11. navigation the study or act of planning and controlling the course of a ship

12. expedition a journey

13. conquistador an explorer or soldier sent by Spain to conquer and claim large areas of North and South America

14. empire a conquered land of many people and places governed by one ruler

15. colony a settlement ruled by another country

16. missionary A person sent out by a church to spread its religion

17. mission A small religious settlement

18. slavery The practice of holding people against their will and making them carry out orders

19. legislature The lawmaking branch of a government

20. absolute location The exact location of any place on Earth

21. lines of latitude Lines that run east and west on a map or globe

22. parallels lines of latitude

23. lines of longitude lines that run north and south on a map or globe

24. meridians lines of longitude

25. prime meridian the meridian marked 0 degrees and that runs north and south through Greenwich, England

26. charter an official paper in which certain rights are given by a government to a person or business

27. constitution a plan of government

28. proprietary colony a colony owned and ruled by one person

29. trial by jury the judging of a person accused of a crime by a jury of fellow citizens

30. immigrant a person from one country who comes to live in another country

31. import a product brought in from another country

32. cash crop a crop that is grown to be sold

33. royal colony a colony ruled directly by a monarch

34. indentured servant a person who agreed to work for another person for a certain length of time in exchange for passage to North America

35. revolution a sudden, complete change, such as the overthrow of a government

36. representation the action of having someone speaking for another

37. boycott the refusal to buy certain goods

38. declaration an official statement

39. competition the contest among companies to get the most customers or sell the most goods

40. independence the freedom to govern on one’s own

41. treaty an agreement between countries