1. Abolitionism

2. Slave Experience Physical Conditions  brutality, degradation, and inhumanity  whippings, executions, and rapes were common

3. Northern States Benjamin Lundy  established several anti-slavery newspapers American Colonization Society  Return free African Americans to Africa

4. Abolition David Walker  who demanded the immediate end of slavery in the new nation  power within Black unity

5. Abolition William Lloyd Garrison  The Liberator – Abolitionist newspaper  African Americans have rights to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”  New England Anti-Slavery Society

6. Abolition Frederick Douglass  Former slave who escaped  Published narrative of his life, which many read and discovered harshness of slavery  Helped abolitionist movement

7. Fredrick Douglass “So profoundly ignorant of the nature of slavery are many persons, that they are stubbornly incredulous whenever they read or listen to any recital of the cruelties which are daily inflicted on its victims. They do not deny that the slaves are held as property; but that terrible fact seems to convey to their minds no idea of injustice, exposure to outrage, or savage barbarity.”

8. Abolition Harriet Tubman  Underground Railroad: of people who helped fugitive slaves escape to the North and to Canada  Made trip 19 times and freed over 300 slaves

9. Women Reformers Catherine Beecher  Pushed for women’s education Dorothea Dix  created the first generation of American mental asylums

10. Women Reformers Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton  Both were abolitionists and women’s rights activists  Seneca Falls (NY 1848): First women’s rights convention

11. Women Reformers Harriet Jacobs  Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl – Escaped Slave Sojourner Truth  Escaped slave and women’s rights reformer

12. Women Reformers Harriet Beecher Stowe  Abolitionist  Uncle Tom’s Cabin : Depicted life of slaves