1. Walker: Exploring the Hospitality Industry. © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 3 - Why People Travel Pleasure Travel Pleasure Travel Business Travel Business Travel Social and Cultural Impact of Tourism Social and Cultural Impact of Tourism Sustainable Tourism and Ecotourism Sustainable Tourism and Ecotourism Cultural Tourism Cultural Tourism Impact of Tourism on Culture Impact of Tourism on Culture Tourism and Art Tourism and Art Heritage Tourism Heritage Tourism Nature Tourism Nature Tourism Trends Trends

2. Walker: Exploring the Hospitality Industry. © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Pleasure/Leisure Travel Travel tourism is expected to double by 2015. Travel tourism is expected to double by 2015. Most popular reasons for pleasure travel: Most popular reasons for pleasure travel: –To experience new and different surroundings. –To experience new cultures and see how others live. –Rest and relaxation. –To visit friends and family. –To view or participate in a sporting event.

3. Walker: Exploring the Hospitality Industry. © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Why Has Pleasure Travel Increased? Longer life span. Longer life span. Flexible working hours. Flexible working hours. Early retirement. Early retirement. Greater ease of travel. Greater ease of travel. Shorter and more frequent trips. Shorter and more frequent trips. Increased standard of living. Increased standard of living.

4. Walker: Exploring the Hospitality Industry. © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Appeals of Travel Scenic beauty Scenic beauty Pleasant attitude of locals Pleasant attitude of locals Suitable accommodations Suitable accommodations Rest and relaxation Rest and relaxation Airfare cost Airfare cost Historical and cultural interest Historical and cultural interest Cuisine Cuisine Water sports Water sports Entertainment Entertainment Shopping Shopping Sports Sports

5. Walker: Exploring the Hospitality Industry. © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Factors That Influence Travel Entertainment. Entertainment. Purchase opportunities. Purchase opportunities. Climate for comfort (e.g., Florida in the winter when you live in the North). Climate for comfort (e.g., Florida in the winter when you live in the North). Cost. Cost. Special Interests (e.g., golf, location). Special Interests (e.g., golf, location).

6. Walker: Exploring the Hospitality Industry. © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Business Travel On a decline due to: On a decline due to: –The economy. –Terrorism. –SARS (and other health concerns). –A reduction in travel budgets. In the United States, meetings and conventions alone attract millions of people annually. In the United States, meetings and conventions alone attract millions of people annually.

7. Walker: Exploring the Hospitality Industry. © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Business Travelers Those who travel for business purposes (i.e., meetings, sales, conventions, trade shows, and expositions). Those who travel for business purposes (i.e., meetings, sales, conventions, trade shows, and expositions). Are younger than leisure travelers. Are younger than leisure travelers. Spend more money. Spend more money. Travel further distances. Travel further distances. Travel in small groups. Travel in small groups. Have shorter stays. Have shorter stays.

8. Walker: Exploring the Hospitality Industry. © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Changes in Business Travel Travelers are now making their own travel arrangements online. Travelers are now making their own travel arrangements online. Increased security at airports: Increased security at airports: –Restrictions –Time delays –More secure passports Less time between flights. Less time between flights.

9. Walker: Exploring the Hospitality Industry. © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Social and Cultural Impact of Tourism Increased number of visitor impacts: Increased number of visitor impacts: –Environment. –Physical resources. –Economy. –Sociocultural aspects.

10. Walker: Exploring the Hospitality Industry. © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Sustainable Tourism Places a broad obligation on society. Places a broad obligation on society. Infrastructure: Roads, communication, sewage, and transportation. Infrastructure: Roads, communication, sewage, and transportation. Superstructure: Facilities built to accommodate tourists such as airports, cruise terminals, convention centers, hotels, and restaurants. Superstructure: Facilities built to accommodate tourists such as airports, cruise terminals, convention centers, hotels, and restaurants.

11. Walker: Exploring the Hospitality Industry. © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Ecotourism Focused on: Focused on: –Individual values; tourism with a conscience, sharing many of the same aspirations of sustainable tourism—the terms are often used interchangeably. –Minimizing the environmental impact of tourism. –Builds cultural awareness and respect. Mainly found in developing countries with unique and beautiful features: Mainly found in developing countries with unique and beautiful features: –Deserts, tropical rain forests, coral reefs, ice glaciers.

12. Walker: Exploring the Hospitality Industry. © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Cultural Tourism Tourism motivated by interest in the historical, artistic, scientific, or lifestyle/heritage offerings of a community. Tourism motivated by interest in the historical, artistic, scientific, or lifestyle/heritage offerings of a community. UNESCO has designated a number of World Heritage Sites worthy of protection and preservation including: UNESCO has designated a number of World Heritage Sites worthy of protection and preservation including:  Statue of Liberty  Grand Canyon  Great Wall of China  Taj Mahal

13. Walker: Exploring the Hospitality Industry. © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Impact of Tourism on Culture A lot of locals are profiting from tourism. A lot of locals are profiting from tourism. There are downsides: There are downsides: –Jealousy –Envy –Anger (e.g., a tourist disrupting cultural events).

14. Walker: Exploring the Hospitality Industry. © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Tourism and Art Pottery making Pottery making Embroidery Embroidery Jewelry making Jewelry making Peasant music Peasant music Folk dancing Folk dancing Carvings Carvings

15. Walker: Exploring the Hospitality Industry. © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Heritage Tourism Growing in America. Growing in America. Respects natural and built environments as well as historical milestones. Respects natural and built environments as well as historical milestones. Reflects heritage of a people and place: Reflects heritage of a people and place: –The Alamo. –Battlefields.

16. Walker: Exploring the Hospitality Industry. © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Heritage Tourism Benefits: Benefits: –To protect historical assets for the enjoyment of present and future generations. The challenge lies mainly in the infrastructure: roads, airports, water supplies, and public services (e.g., police and fire protection). The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966.

17. Walker: Exploring the Hospitality Industry. © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 4 Steps To A Comprehensive Heritage Program Groups that succeed in heritage tourism pay close attention to all parts of an integrated process: Groups that succeed in heritage tourism pay close attention to all parts of an integrated process: –Assessing the potential. –Planning and organizing. –Preparing, protecting, and managing. –Marketing for success.

18. Walker: Exploring the Hospitality Industry. © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. Nature Tourism Increasing. Increasing. Motivated by nature, such as a visit to a National Park. Motivated by nature, such as a visit to a National Park. Baby boomers have increasingly become interested in nature tourism. Baby boomers have increasingly become interested in nature tourism.

19. Walker: Exploring the Hospitality Industry. © 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.Trends Continued growth in ecotourism, sustainable tourism, and heritage tourism. Continued growth in ecotourism, sustainable tourism, and heritage tourism. Number of tourists will continue to increase. Number of tourists will continue to increase. Government recognition. Government recognition. Bilateral treaties being signed. Bilateral treaties being signed. Low cost airlines. Low cost airlines. Increase in ticket-less travel. Increase in ticket-less travel. Increase in technology at checkpoints. Increase in technology at checkpoints. Move from public sector to private sector. Move from public sector to private sector. Destination management becomes a challenge. Destination management becomes a challenge. Alternative cruises. Alternative cruises. Increased concern for health and safety. Increased concern for health and safety. Increase in nature tourism. Increase in nature tourism.