1. Hardships of Early Industrial Life

2. Warm-up Based on the exercise we did in class yesterday, what are some of the hardships of industrial life? Based on the exercise we did in class yesterday, what are some of the hardships of industrial life?

3. The New Industrial City Capitalism- means of production are privately owned and operated for profit Capitalism- means of production are privately owned and operated for profit Urbanization- Movement of people to cities Urbanization- Movement of people to cities Changes in farming, population growth & demand for workers led people to cities Changes in farming, population growth & demand for workers led people to cities Tenements- Multistory buildings divided into crowded apartments. Tenements- Multistory buildings divided into crowded apartments. No running water, no sanitation system No running water, no sanitation system Disease spread rapidly Disease spread rapidly

4. The Factory System Workers faced rigid schedule: Workers faced rigid schedule: Shifts lasted from 12-16 hours Shifts lasted from 12-16 hours Workers suffered accidents from machines Workers suffered accidents from machines Breathed in coal dust & lint-filled air Breathed in coal dust & lint-filled air Workers sick or injured lost their jobs Workers sick or injured lost their jobs

5. Women and Child Labor Women Workers: Women Workers: Employers preferred to hire women: easier to manage, could pay them less for same work Employers preferred to hire women: easier to manage, could pay them less for same work Work 12 hours days, come home to tenement & take care of family Work 12 hours days, come home to tenement & take care of family Child Labor: Child Labor: Nimble-fingered & quick moving Nimble-fingered & quick moving Wages needed to keep families from starving Wages needed to keep families from starving

6. The Working Class Protests Protests Smashed machines and burned factories Smashed machines and burned factories Luddite= Rioter protesting the machines Luddite= Rioter protesting the machines Workers forbidden to organize in groups & strikes were outlawed Workers forbidden to organize in groups & strikes were outlawed

7. The New Middle Class Merchants, inventors, skilled artisans Merchants, inventors, skilled artisans Lived in solid, well-furnished homes Lived in solid, well-furnished homes Men gained influence in Parliament Men gained influence in Parliament Women encouraged to become “ladies” who provided a happy, well-furnished home for their husbands Women encouraged to become “ladies” who provided a happy, well-furnished home for their husbands

8. Benefits and Problems Problems Problems Low pay, unemployment, dismal living conditions Low pay, unemployment, dismal living conditions Reformers pressed for laws to improve working conditions Reformers pressed for laws to improve working conditions Labor Unions- Workers organizations; won the right to bargain w/ employers for better wages, hours & working conditions Labor Unions- Workers organizations; won the right to bargain w/ employers for better wages, hours & working conditions Benefits Benefits Factories created more jobs Factories created more jobs Wages rose Wages rose Cost of railroad travel decreased, people could visit families Cost of railroad travel decreased, people could visit families Opportunity increased Opportunity increased

9. Industrial Revolution Choose one of the following: Choose one of the following: Miner Miner Factory Worker Factory Worker Child Laborer Child Laborer Working Class Mother Working Class Mother Factory Owner Factory Owner Middle Class Woman Middle Class Woman Luddite Luddite Write about the Industrial Revolution from their perspective (daily life, negative & positive aspects) Write about the Industrial Revolution from their perspective (daily life, negative & positive aspects) Use pages 505-509 in your book if you need more info Use pages 505-509 in your book if you need more info Should take up about a page in your spiral Should take up about a page in your spiral