1. Chapter 9 Section 2

2. PROCON  Eventually led to a better quality of life  Plentiful jobs  Initially caused human suffering  Unhealthy working conditions  Air and water pollution  Ills of child labor  Rise in class tensions between workers and the middle class

3.  City building, and movement of people to cities  Cities were crowded  People had to live in small apartments

4.  No development plans, sanitary codes, or building codes existed  Lacked adequate housing, education and police protection  No drainage in streets  No garbage collection  Workers lived in dark, dirty places with entire families crowded into one bedroom  Sickness, disease outbreaks, and epidemics  Average lifespan: (urban) 17, (rural) 38

5.  14 hours a day/6 days a week  Unclean  Dark  Dangerous machines  No government aid for the disabled  Coal mining was the most dangerous  Women and children were the cheapest labor

6.  Look at schedule on page 290

7.  Social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers  Factory owners, shippers, merchants

8.  Laborers  With the increase of new inventions and technology, many laborers began to see machines take over their jobs  Angry, some broke the machines they felt were replacing them  Example: Luddites attacked whole factories in Northern England in the early 1800s.

9.  Jobs  Contributed to the wealth of a nation  Inventions and technology  Increased production of goods  Raised the standard of living  Hope to improve  Healthier diets  Better housing  Cheaper, mass-produced clothing

10.  Educational opportunities  Labor Unions  Higher wages  Shorter hours  Better working conditions  Tax revenues