1. SEAMS
Seams are rows of stitching holding two or more edges of fabric together with the use of sewing machine.

2. TYPES OF SEAMS

3. 1. Plain Seam – stitching the wrong side of two pieces of cloth right sides together. The seam should be pressed. This is used to join shoulder line, the side bodice, sleeves, side seams of skirts, blouse and pants.

4. 2. French Seam – stitching the right side of two pieces of cloth wrong side together. The fabric is stitch about 1/8 inch from the edge. It is then turned so that the right sides are together and again stitched of about ¼ inch. This seam is commonly used among light materials, raveling fabrics, see through fabrics and silk. This kind of seam is usually used in baby dresses.

5. 3. Flat – felled seams – folding the wider seam allowance over the narrower one by ¼ inch and stitch. Spread the two parts and crease the fold and stitch near the edge. This is a strong seam usually used on study fabrics or working clothes. Stitching is done on the right side.

6. 4.Seam with ease – to ease, long stitches should be closed to the seam line between markings. This is used in the sleeve cap and shirring for skirts. Two line of stitches are necessary; pull the 2 lower threads in producing gathers.

7. 5. Enclosed Seams – when joining the collar to the neckline, the undercollar is stitch. After stitching , insert the edges and closed with a seam. This seam is usually found in attaching of the collars, cuffs, waistbands and head band.

8. 6. Pivoting at a corner – the inward corners on the both sides are reinforced by small stitches next to he seam line in the seam allowance. They should be clipped to the point.

9. 7. Scallops – a curved seam with small reinforcement stiches
7. Scallops – a curved seam with small reinforcement stiches. On stitch across each point should be taken to make turning easier. Each corner point should be clipped after the stitches. Clips should not reach the stitches.

10. 8. Bias Cut Edge – to join bias with a straight edge, one should be sure to keep the bias side up in order to control the stretch of the bias and avoid puckers. This can be used in finishing the neckline, armhole, girth and waistline for the skirts.

11. 9. Lapped Seam – made by stitching the gathered edge and the straight edge together, first as a plain seam. Then seam is pressed from the right side leaving the gathered edge extending straight up and the straight edge creased back against itself. The seam from the right side is top stitched as done on a yoke when straight pieces of material are joined together. This type of seam is used to join the yoke of polo shirts , blouses, skirts and pants.

12. SEAM FINISH
Seam finishes help in the overall workmanship of the garment. However, fabrics that do not ravel need not be finished. With fabrics that firmly woven, pinking is enough as finishing. In case of loosely woven fabrics like cotton silk, polyester and gabardine stronger finishing is necessary.

13. 1. Graded – edges are cut where is longer and the other is smaller
1. Graded – edges are cut where is longer and the other is smaller. This is applicable to heavy fabrics.

14. 2. Overcast- both edges are finish with overcasting stitches.

15. 3. Open and bound – both side are covered with fabrics and is machine stitched.

16. 4. Closed and bound – both edges are together and covered with a pure fabric and is machine stitch.

17. 5. Pinked and stitched – both edges are stitched and pinked by a stronger finishing.

18. 6. Turned and stitched – both edges are turned under and machine stitched.

19. 7. Zigzagged – both edges are zigzagged
7. Zigzagged – both edges are zigzagged. For lighter fabrics smaller sizes of zigzag will do. For bulky fabrics bigger zigzag stitches are a must.