1. PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL
...a discussion of the strategies and methods available to achieve control of health hazards.

2. CONTROL ASSUMPTIONS
All hazards can be controlled to some degree by some method.
Alternative approaches are available.
More than one approach may be needed.
Cost-effectiveness varies with approach.
A given approach may not completely control the hazard.

3. HIERARCHY OF CONTROL STRATEGIES
PREVENTION (?)
ENGINEERING
ADMINISTRATIVE
includes work practices
PERSONAL PROTECTION

4. SITUATION NO. 1
Design of a plan for assembly of metal cabinets included a need to join several pieces of metal together and welding was being considered.
Traditional exposure control is based on ventilation and/or respirators.
What are some prevention options for the IH?

5. CONTROL BEGINS @ DESIGN
technologically more difficult to retrofit
always more expensive after design
industrial hygiene input to design
design criteria must include consideration for worker safety
Institute for Safety Through Design

6. IMPLEMENTING CONTROLS
Identify the hazard.
Define sources of exposure.
Characterize worker involvement.
Understand air flow patterns.
Examine control options.
Select/implement proper controls.
Follow-up, test, maintain controls.

7. SITUATION NO. 2
A plan view of a grain handling system in a food manufacturing plant
Two workers in the building
emissions, air movement, worker activities, etc.

8. ENGINEERING CONTROLS SUBSTITUTION ISOLATION ENCLOSURE
PROCESS MODIFICATION
VENTILATION
DILUTION
LOCAL EXHAUST

9. Industrial vs. Non-industrial Environments
Mines, manufacturing facilities, plants
Dusts from mines, solvents, heavy metals, vehicle emissions, grinding
Non-industrial
Stores, offices, warehouses
Tobacco smoke, ozone, mold spores, formaldehyde, products from remodeling (adhesives, paints), cleaners

10. A word about contaminant form...
particulates
dusts
fumes
smoke
fibers
mists/fogs
gases
vapors

11. SUBSTITUTION generally applies to chemical hazards
a “hazardous” material is replaced by one of less hazard
some examples
potential problems with this approach

12. ISOLATION/CONTAINMENT
a barrier is placed between hazard and workers
physical or distance
some examples
potential problems with this approach

13. PROCESS MODIFICATION
equipment, or its use, is modified so as to reduce hazard
some examples
potential problems with this approach

14. GENERAL VENTILATION contaminant is diluted to acceptable level
usually less effective than LEV
not for “settleable” contaminants
some examples

15. LOCAL EXHAUST contaminant is captured at or near point of release
usually the most desirable approach
can be used for toxic materials
some examples