1. Objectives for Goal 2: Expansion and Reform 2.01: Analyze the effects of territorial expansion and the admission of new states to the Union 1801 to 1850 2.02: Describe how the growth of nationalism and sectionalism were reflected in art, literature, and language 2.03: Distinguish between the economic and social issues that led to sectionalism and nationalism 2.04: Assess political events, issues, and personalities that contributed to sectionalism and nationalism 2.05: Identify major reform movements and evaluate their effectiveness 2.06: Evaluate the role of religion in the debate over slavery and other social movement issues.

2. Webster’s 1828 Dictionary His book contained 70,000 words, of which 12,000 had never appeared in a published dictionary before. As a spelling reformer, Webster believed that British spelling rules were unnecessarily complex, so his dictionary introduced American English spellings, replacing "colour" with "color", substituting "wagon" for "waggon", and printing "center" instead of "centre". He also added American words. His book contained 70,000 words, of which 12,000 had never appeared in a published dictionary before. As a spelling reformer, Webster believed that British spelling rules were unnecessarily complex, so his dictionary introduced American English spellings, replacing "colour" with "color", substituting "wagon" for "waggon", and printing "center" instead of "centre". He also added American words. What was the greatest impact this publication had on America? What was the greatest impact this publication had on America?

3. Justifying Slavery Slaves were encouraged to be devout Christians, but the Christian message they received from planters and ministers was to be docile and submissive. It was God’s will that they spent their lives as slaves and sermons capitalized on such themes as “obeying the master.” Slaves were encouraged to be devout Christians, but the Christian message they received from planters and ministers was to be docile and submissive. It was God’s will that they spent their lives as slaves and sermons capitalized on such themes as “obeying the master.” What religious movement changed this later?

4. Embargo of 1807 Banned trade between America and other nations Banned trade between America and other nations President Jefferson was trying to stay out of Napoleonic Wars President Jefferson was trying to stay out of Napoleonic Wars What were 2 results of this federal decision?

5. Manifest Destiny What was the moral justification behind Manifest Destiny?

6. Art in the early 1800s (Hudson River School) What would be some results of Americans viewing this new type of art?

7. James Polk 1844 Campaign Secured the Oregon Territory Secured the Oregon Territory Purchased half a million square miles of land in Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (end of Mexican- American War) Purchased half a million square miles of land in Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (end of Mexican- American War) Founded the Smithsonian Institute (“increase and diffusion of knowledge” about American) Founded the Smithsonian Institute (“increase and diffusion of knowledge” about American) Based on his actions as President, what would you guess was at the top of his agenda in the election?

8. Hey ladies! Sojourner Truth: “Ain’t I a Woman?” Sojourner Truth: “Ain’t I a Woman?” Elizabeth Cady Stanton: abolitionist and suffragette Elizabeth Cady Stanton: abolitionist and suffragette Susan B. Anthony: women’s suffrage Susan B. Anthony: women’s suffrage

9. Slave Codes Virginia, 1705 – "If any slave resists his master...correcting such a slave, and shall happen to be killed in such correction...the master shall be free of all punishment...as if such accident never happened." Virginia, 1705 – "If any slave resists his master...correcting such a slave, and shall happen to be killed in such correction...the master shall be free of all punishment...as if such accident never happened." South Carolina, 1712 – “.... Every slave hereafter out of his master's plantation, without a ticket, or leave in writing, from his master...shall be whipped...." South Carolina, 1712 – “.... Every slave hereafter out of his master's plantation, without a ticket, or leave in writing, from his master...shall be whipped...." Louisiana, 1724 - "The slave who, having struck his master, his mistress, or the husband of his mistress, or their children, shall have produced a bruise, or the shedding of blood in the face, shall suffer capital punishment." Louisiana, 1724 - "The slave who, having struck his master, his mistress, or the husband of his mistress, or their children, shall have produced a bruise, or the shedding of blood in the face, shall suffer capital punishment."

10. Worcester v Georgia Georgia law said all whites living in Cherokee Indian Territory had to obtain a state license. 7 missionaries refused to obey this law and were arrested and convicted. Georgia law said all whites living in Cherokee Indian Territory had to obtain a state license. 7 missionaries refused to obey this law and were arrested and convicted. The Case: the laws they were convicted under were unconstitutional because states have no power to pass laws concerning sovereign Indian nations. The Case: the laws they were convicted under were unconstitutional because states have no power to pass laws concerning sovereign Indian nations. What was the decision and what did it mean?

11. National Road (Cumberland Road)

12. Erie Canal Efficient water transportation linking farms and cities Efficient water transportation linking farms and cities From New York 363 miles to Buffalo at Lake Erie From New York 363 miles to Buffalo at Lake Erie

13. Monroe Doctrine “…as a principle in which the rights and interests of the United States are involved, that the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.” – Pres. James Monroe “…as a principle in which the rights and interests of the United States are involved, that the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.” – Pres. James Monroe What does this mean?

14. Missouri Compromise of 1820

15. Horace Mann School reformer and had a bad experience with schooling as a poor child School reformer and had a bad experience with schooling as a poor child Created a state board of education Created a state board of education Schools should be free and public and students should be required by law to attend Schools should be free and public and students should be required by law to attend What are the results of his ideas?