1. Constitution in Conflict 1789-1860

2. Conflict A.Confederation to federal government government B.Does the Constitution allow national government power to do things not mentioned? (Question asked throughout our (Question asked throughout our history) history)

3. Washington’s Presidency. A. Years of terms 1. 1789-1793 2. 1793-1797 VP: John Adams B. The First Cabinet 1. Nothing written into Constitution about formation of group of advisors (set precedence) 2. 3 Cabinet seats

4. CABINET MEMBERRESPONSIBILITIES Hamilton treasury; managed the nation’s money Jefferson Knox war; managed defenses Randolph attorney general; advised on legal affairs state; oversaw foreign relations

5. Jefferson vs. Hamilton A. Could the federal government create a national bank? B.Hamilton’s Fiscal Plan 1. Bank of the United States (BUS) a. Determined that the federal govt. needed a place to govt. needed a place to place all of its surplus place all of its surplus

6. b. Democratic-Republicans: Led by Jefferson said that there was Jefferson said that there was nothing in Constitution that nothing in Constitution that supported establishment of BUS supported establishment of BUS strict constructionists strict constructionists c. Federalists: Led by Hamilton: c. Federalists: Led by Hamilton: “Elastic Clause” federal govt. could “Elastic Clause” federal govt. could establish anything that was establish anything that was “necessary and proper”, loose “necessary and proper”, loose constructionists constructionists

8. d. Washington listened to both sides; sided with Hamilton e. BUS was chartered for 20 years

9. Emergence of Political Parties A. Hamilton’s Fiscal Plans created animosity w/in govt. 1. Federalists (Hamilton-led): strong federal govt, favored wealthy class, negative view of people, industrial, loose construction of the Constitution

10. 2. Democratic-Republicans 2. Democratic-Republicans (Jefferson-led): strong state (Jefferson-led): strong state gov’t, favored middle classes, gov’t, favored middle classes, positive view of people, positive view of people, agricultural, strict agricultural, strict construction of the construction of the Constitution. Constitution.

11. 3. Became groundwork for political parties today.

12. Supreme Court Interpretations A.McCulloch v. Maryland(1819)-Federal govt. has implied powers. B.Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824)- Gave Congress right to regulate interstate commerce

13. States Rights Era (1830-1860) A. New Supreme Court Justices in favor of state power B.Conflict over land 1.Slavery 2.Indian Removal

14. C. Nullification-states in south have theory that they can control law from Congress D. This crisis is an early sign of the Civil War

15. *Reflection Read the quote on pages 113-114. Washington warned the nation against political parties and the entanglement in affairs of other countries. Evaluate Washington’s warning. Do you agree or disagree. Explain.