1. Session 8: EDITING

2. STUDYING EDITING ALLOWS US TO:  Reflect on how the art of film and its technologies reflect cultural and historical context  Understand how editing strategies engage certain filmic traditions of continuity and disjuncture  How editing creates or reflects certain patterns through which viewers see and think about the world.

3. EDITING AND COMMUNICATION  A film communicates through several ways. Image-Photography often exploited juxtaposition to highlight different relationships between Images. Sound- Editing  Editing is the process of selection, time expansion and compression, and arrangement to create a narrative.

4. PUDOVKIN  “ Editing is the creative force of filmic reality” (Pudovkin) He sees the role of the editor as that of a sculptor.- Moulds the material which has a life inside it, into shape and meaning.

5. Editing as code.  Codes are systems of logical arrangements and relationships to create meaning.

6. Classical Editing Conventions  EDITING AS REPRESENTATION Hollywood and classical narrative aims at sequential editing. Linear and representational objectivity.

7. Classical Editing Conventions  EDITING AS CONSTRUCTION Constructivist editing. Editor endeavours to create a Filmic Representation of events. We are more interested in the EFFECT/IMPACT of a scene rather than its narrative influence

8. Eisenstein’s Montage Theory  “COMBINING SHOTS THAT ARE DEPICTIVE, SINGLE IN MEANING, NEUTRAL IN CONTENT- INTO INTELLECTUAL CONTEXTS AND SERIES”

9. EDITING AS LANGUAGE: Montage systems  Metric Montage: - refers to length of a shot relative to another- regardless of content, shortening a shot abbreviates time.  Rhythmic Montage:- Continuity arising from visual pattern within shots- potential for portraying conflict (Also as Analytic or Deductive) -Potemkin

10. EDITING AS LANGUAGE: Montage systems  Tonal Montage: - editing decisions that establish emotional character of scene (Also as Synthetic or Inductive) (Saving Private Ryan)  Over-tonal Montage:- Interplay of metric, rhythmic, tonal montages (many movies)  Intellectual Montage:- Abstraction of image for meta-narrative (Leni Reifenstahl: Olympia)

11. PRINCIPLES OF EDITING 1. Matching consecutive shots Constructing a smooth continuity. Show action and movements as fluid. This technique does not consider what could be most narratively appropriate.

12. PRINCIPLES OF EDITING 2.Change in image size and angle to reflect spatial relationship: – LS/MS/CU/POV shots/ 3. Maintaining emotional relationship to image Juxtaposition of images

13. EDITING TECHNIQUES  Relational continuity- Shot Reverse Shot (soap)  Elliptical (2001 A Space Odyssey- Kubrick)  Juxtaposition- Schindlers List  Dissolve- (Citizen Kane- Relationship shots)  Discontinuity as Continuity- Goddard (Breathless)  Sound as cut- sound of character off shot/transition  Cross cutting- Soap opera

14. EDITING STUDY  The Cut  The Chase  Continuity- 180 degree Rule  Shot sizes

15. HOW EDITING MAKES MEANING  Editing generates emotions and ideas through the construction of patterns of seeing (Saving Private Ryan)  Editing moves beyond the confines of individual perception and its temporal and spatial limitations to the psychological (The Western)

16. DIGITAL EDITING  Storage  Access  Effects  Duration of shot ( Rope, 1948) (Russian Ark- 2002)