1. Water Cycle

2. Carbon Cycle

3. Nitrogen Cycle

4. Food Webs
What essential component of all food webs is not shown?

5. Energy Pyramids & 10% Rule

6. Other Ecological Pyramids

7. Predator/Prey Relationships

8. Community Interactions -Symbiosis
Symbiosis: interdependence or close interaction between two species
Mutualism (+/+): Both species benefit
Commensalism (+/0): One species benefits, the other is not affected
Parasitism: (+/-): One species benefits, the other is harmed

9. Symbiosis: Mutualism
Clownfish is safe from predators who cannot withstand the anemone’s sting. Clownfish scares butterfly fish which would eat the anenome.
Lichen is a combination of an algae and a fungus. Algae uses nutrients fungus digests from rock and provides fungus with the sugars and oxygen of photosynthesis.

10. Symbiosis: Commensalism
Remora attaches to shark and feeds off scraps from the shark’s meals. Shark is neither helped nor harmed.
Barnacles feed with sweeping appendages that gather small free-floating organisms. They often attach to whale flippers (or boats, shells etc.).

11. Symbiosis: Parasitism
Heartworm
Ringworm (fungus)
Tick
Tapeworm

12. What is carrying capacity?
Competition
Intraspecific:
Interspecific:
What is carrying capacity?

13. Ecological Succession
A series of predictable changes that occurs in a community over time. Can be abrupt after a disturbance or gradual in response to natural fluctuations
Primary Succession
Occurs on surfaces where no soil exists.
The first species to appear on the rock are called pioneer species and are usually lichens.
Ex) Exposed after volcanic eruption or glacier passage
Secondary Succession
Occurs on surfaces where soil exists
The first species to appear will be mosses or grasses
Ex) Abandoned field or after a forest fire

14. Primary Succession