1. Principal Parts of Verbs
Page

2. TN Standard
SPI Identify the correct use of verbs (i.e., action/linking, regular/irregular, agreement, tenses) within context.

3. Principal Parts of Verbs
The principal parts of a verb are forms that help it express time and action.
The four principal parts are called the present, the present participle, the past, and the past participle.
Principal Parts of Verbs
Present
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
climb (climbs)
(is, are, was, were) climbing
climbed
(have, has, had) climbed
carry (carries)
(is, are, was, were) carrying
carried
(have, has, had) carried
live (lives)
(is, are, was, were) living
lived
(have, has, had) lived

4. Forming the Future Tense
To form the future tense, use verbs from the present column (previous slide) with will or shall.
You can use helping verbs with participles to make other tenses.
For the present participle, use forms of the helping verb be (is, are, was, were). For the past participle, use forms of have (have, has, had).
Examples:
She uses her pencil today. (present)
She is using her pencil again today. (present participle)
She used her pencil. (past)
She had used her pencil yesterday. (past participle)

5. Example: The scientist has arrived in the tropical forest.
Directions for 1-5, page 178: identify and write the principal part (does not include the helping verb) used in the verb or verb phrase in each sentence and tell the kind of principal part it is. Use the chart to help you to identify. One sentence has two verbs.
Example: The scientist has arrived in the tropical forest.
Answer: arrived, past participle

6. present present participle
1. She pitched her tent and looked around.
present present participle
past past participle

7. present present participle
Now she observes a band of spider monkeys.
present present participle
past past participle

8. present present participle
3. They are jumping from tree to tree.
present present participle
past past participle

9. present present participle
4. They have paused for a snack.
present present participle
past past participle

10. present present participle
5. They have lived here for many years.
present present participle
past past participle

11. Example: The zoologist had stayed in the tropical forest.
Directions for 6-15, page 179: identify and write the verb phrase(includes the helping verb) and tell the kind of principal part used in the verb. Use the chart to help you to identify. Some sentences have two verbs.
Example: The zoologist had stayed in the tropical forest.
Answer: had stayed, past participle

12. present present participle
6. She prepared for her return in North America.
present present participle
past past participle

13. present present participle
7. “The animals here have amazed me,” she noted in her journal.
present present participle
past past participle

14. present present participle
8. She has taken some beautiful photographs.
present present participle
past past participle

15. present present participle
9. She has recorded information in her journal.
present present participle
past past participle

16. present present participle
10. “Now, a different forest awaits me.”
present present participle
past past participle

17. present present participle
11. Soon she will sketch raccoons at a pond.
present present participle
past past participle

18. present present participle
12. The zoologist has photographed otters.
present present participle
past past participle

19. present present participle
13. Three otters are playing by the river.
present present participle
past past participle

20. present present participle
14. “Have they encountered humans before?” she wondered.
present present participle
past past participle

21. present present participle
15. Soon she will publish a wildlife book.
present present participle
past past participle