1. The Industrial Revolution
The Revolution that changed the world forever
By zach & mohammad 

2. The industrial revolution were in…
Europe
America

3. Why Did
Industrialization
Begin in
England First?

4. Mine & Forge [1840-1880] “Coal is more powerful than water.
“Iron is more powerful than wood.
‘’Innovations that make steel feasible.

5. Young Coal Miners
As the number of factories grew people from the countryside began to move into the towns looking for better paid work.

6. Child Labor in the Mines
Child “hurriers”

7. spinning frame Richard Arkwright: Also called water frame.
It was the first powered, automatic, and continuous textile machine 
The “Water Frame”

8. Factory Production
Concentrates production in one place [materials, labor].
Located near sources of power
Requires a lot of capital investment [factory, machines, etc.] more than skilled labor.
Was only 10% of English industry in

9. Cotton textile by Richard Arkwright
the first big industry was cotton textile factories.

10. Textile Factory Workers in England
1813
2400 looms
150, 000 workers
1833
85, 000 looms
200, 000 workers
1850
224, 000 looms
>1 million workers

11. Textile Factory Workers in England
The textile industry significantly grew during the Industrial Revolution. 

12. Young “Bobbin-Doffers”

13. The Factory System Hard schedule. 12-14 hour day.
Dangerous conditions.
Mind-numbing monotony.

14. John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle”
In May 1733, Kay invented his "New Engine of Machine for Opening and Dressing Wool". This machine included the Flying Shuttle. Before the invention of the Flying Shuttle, weavers had to pass the shuttle through the warp threads by hand.

15. Steam Locomotive

16. Crystal Palace Exhibition: 1851
Exhibitions of the new industrial utopia.

17. Problems of Population
The population of England doubled between 1680 and The population increase provided the large supply of cheap labor needed by the factories. It also provided an increase in demand for manufactured goods.

18. The Luddites:
The Luddites were people in the 19th-century English textile artisans who violently protested against the machinery introduced during the Industrial Revolution that made it possible to replace them with less-skilled, low-wage labourers, leaving them without work

19. The “Peoples’ Charter”
Drafted in 1838 by William Lovett.
Radical campaign for Parliamentary reform of the inequalities created by the Reform Bill of 1832.
Votes for all men.
Equal electoral districts.
Abolition of the requirement that Members of Parliament [MPs] be property owners.
Payment for Members of Parliament.
Annual general elections.
The secret ballot.

20. Thomas Malthus Population growth will outpace the food supply.
War, disease, or famine could control population.
The poor should have less children.
Food supply will then keep up with population.

21. David Ricardo “Iron Law of Wages.”
When wages are high, workers have more children.
More children create a large labor surplus that depresses wages.

22. The Socialists: Utopians & Marxists
People as a society would operate and own the means of production, not individuals.
Their goal was a society that benefited everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few.
Tried to build perfect communities [utopias].

23. Government Response
Abolition of slavery in the colonies in 1832 [to raise wages in Britain].
Sadler Commission to look into working conditions
Factory Act [1833] – child labor.
New Poor Law [1834] – indoor relief.
Poor houses.
Reform Bill [1832] – broadens the vote for the cities.

24. 1850: Zones of Industrialization on the European Continent
Northeast France.
Belgium.
The Netherlands.
Western German states.
Northern Italy
East Germany  Saxony

25. Industrial revolution
The Results of
Industrial revolution
at the end of the 19c

26. Industrial revolution By 1850

27. To America
Francis Cabot Lowell was a business man from Newburyport, Massachusetts who brought the revolution to America. While on a trip to England in 1810, Francis Cabot Lowell was allowed to tour the British textile factories. He memorized the blueprint of the textile machines

28. Industrial – Having to do with industry, business or manufacturing
Revolution – a huge change or a change in the way things are done
Industrial Revolution – a change from making things by hand to making them in factories.

29. Transportation
Before the Industrial Revolution, people relied on the horse and their own feet to get around.
With the invention of the steam locomotive, transportation took a huge step forward.
The first two major railroad companies were the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads.

30. Passenger carriers

31. Leland Stanford
Leland Stanford was a business tycoon, (a wealthy, powerful person in business or industry) co-founder of the Central Pacific Railroad, creator of Stanford University, and the governor of California.

32. James Hargreaves
With the invention of the spinning jenny and the power loom by James Hargreaves, the textile industry took off.
Clothes could now be made far faster than ever before.

33. Spinning wheel
The spinning wheel was the first invention, but it was very slow.
Threads were spun one at a time, by hand.

34. The spinning jenny
The spinning jenny could spin up to eight thread at time. The spinning jenny was much faster than the spinning wheel.

35. The Spinning Mule
The spinning mule used water power to spin the thread, which was much faster than doing it by hand.
More cloth could now be made.

36. The Power Mule

37. The power loom The power loom used water power to weave cloth
People could make a lot of cloth quickly.

38. A cotton factory

39. Agriculture Advances in agriculture were also made.
The invention of the seed drill allowed farmers to plant many more seeds much more quickly.
The reaper allowed farmers to harvest their crops more efficiently.
More crops could now be grown feeding an increasing population.

40. The seed drill

41. The reaper
The reaper was used to cut down the harvest. As you can see, it would take a long time to do it by hand.

42. The mechanical reaper was a lot faster than doing the hand reaper

43. Steel
With the invention of steel, buildings could be made much taller.
Steel was much harder than iron, which would bend if made too tall.
The steel industry created many new products, and led to the invention of the car.

44. Smoke stacks of a factory

45. A melting plant

46. Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie became a millionaire in the steel business by putting all his competitors out of business.
He created U.S. Steel in Pittsburg.

47. Henry Ford Henry Ford invented the first practical car, the Model T.
The car had been invented earlier, but Ford was the first to make the car affordable.

48. Samuel Gompers
With all the new businesses being created, someone needed to take care of the workers.
Gompers created the American Federation of Labor, or organization of other labor unions that had bonded together to protect the rights of workers.

49. "Industrial Revolution Inventions Timeline – 1712-1942
"Industrial Revolution Inventions Timeline – " The Story of America RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec
"When Did the Industrial Revolution Start in the U.s.a.?" Yahoo! Answers. Yahoo!, n.d. Web. 10 Dec
The Luddites were 19th-century English textile artisans who violently protested against the machinery introduced during the Industrial Revolution that made it possible to replace them with less-skilled, low-wage labourers, leaving them without work