1. Warm-up 5-11-15 FINALS REVIEW Respond to the following: 1.What are the ancient Egyptian spiritual beliefs? 2.What are their burial rituals? Obj: SWBAT analyze Egyptian artwork by describing how they reflect the ideals of the period Homework Due Today: NOTHING!! YAY!!

2. Office Hours Tuesday 3:00-4:00 Thursday 3:00-4:00 Office Hours Tuesday 3:00-4:00 Thursday 3:00-4:00 Due Today: Ch 31 Cue Cards (22 Total) PAST DUE: Ch 30 Cue Cards (30 total) Ch 29 Cue Cards (32 total) Ch 28 Cue Cards (18 total) Chapter 26 & 27 Cue Cards Homework: STUDY!! Use the STUDY GUIDE!!!! Future Due Dates: Friday May 15th: Final Exam

3. AP Parent Night Ch 29 Cue Cards Due The TEST!! 12pm Ch 30 Cue Cards Due After School Ch 31 Cue Cards Due Today Final Exam Final Project Due for Seniors Minimum Day VAPA Art Show 4-6pm VAPA Art Show 4-6pm The Wedding Singer Play Nyman Hall 7pm The Wedding Singer Play Nyman Hall 7pm The Wedding Singer 1pm & 7pm The Wedding Singer 1pm & 7pm Sub Day

4. Start memorizing these dates!!

7. A NCIENT E GYPTIAN C ONTEXT Geography: The Nile river— Longest river in the world a safe and life giving river of Egypt Upper Egypt—Southern area Lower Egypt—Northern Area

8. A NCIENT E GYPTIAN C ONTEXT Spiritual Beliefs: Polytheistic—Belief in many gods Amen = Supreme god Re or Ra = the sun god The Ka --immortal life source (like a soul) The Ka is eternal and stays on earth after the body dies The Ka can inhabit a dead body

9. A NCIENT E GYPTIAN C ONTEXT Spiritual Beliefs (cont.): Immortality is achieved in funerary traditions: Body must be embalmed or mummified Organs are carefully removed (lungs, liver, stomach, intestines) and put in canopic jars placed in the burial chamber Brain was removed through the nostrils (considered unimportant), heart is left—life giving and houses intelligence Body is dehydrated & filled with resin soaked linen Amulets laid on body to ward off evil--charm Body is wrapped in linens Burial chamber filled with belongings for the dead: Furniture, food & drink, utensils, clothing

11. Palette of King Narmer The Predynastic & Early Dynastic Period Dates: ca. 3500 BCE Materials: Slate (stone) Size/Scale: 2’1” Figures/narrative represented: Back Side: Top: Goddess (cow w/woman face) Middle register: King Narmer wearing the bowling pin shaped crown of UPPER Egypt, An official carries his sandals, king slays an unarmed foe, Falcon w/arms = Horus, a god, the king’s protector Lower: portion shows defeated enemies

12. Palette of King Narmer The Predynastic & Early Dynastic Period Figures/narrative represented: Front Side: Top: Goddess (cow w/woman face) High register: King Narmer wearing the Red crown of LOWER Egypt His army presents the beheaded bodies of his enemies Low register: 2 felines w/elongated necks create a circular depression Lowest: Bull destroying a city wall

13. Palette of King Narmer The Predynastic & Early Dynastic Period Stylistic characteristics: Use of registers to show a narrative Use of composite view—figures head in profile, body faces forward Hierarchical Scale—King towers over foes Hieroglyphics—to name the king Catfish= Nar Chisel = Mer

14. Palette of King Narmer The Predynastic & Early Dynastic Period Function & significance: Function: utilitarian object for preparing makeup—depression created by the feline necks held eye makeup Significance: Presents the creation of “Kingdom of two lands”—unification of upper and lower Egypt Shows King’s power of his enemies, ability to unite the lands, King’s divinity (importance)

15. Great Pyramids Gizeh, Egypt Pyramids of Menkaure, ca. 3,000-2,920 B.C.E.; Khafre, ca. 2520-2494 B.C.E.; Khufu ca. 2551-2528 B.C.E. limestone largest (Khufu) approximately 450 ft. high

16. Great Pyramids Gizeh, Egypt limestone

18. Old Kingdom Dates: ca. 2575-2040 BCE Key Locations: Gizeh (lower Egypt) Contextual Information: Pharaohs amassed great wealth Architecture: colossal size and enormous cost, for Funerary purposes Pyramids are the oldest of the “7 wonders of the world” Move away from a mastaba—rectangular brick structure used as a tomb Begins with the 4 th dynasty— Dynasty--series of rulers from same origin

19. The Great Pyramids of Gizeh Old Kingdom Dates: ca. 2500 BCE took 75 years to build Pyramid of Menkaure, ca. 2490-2474 BCE Pyramid of Khafre, ca. 2520-2494 BCE Pyramid of Khufu, ca. 2551-2528 BCE Materials: limestone

20. The Great Pyramids of Gizeh Old Kingdom Construction methods: Ashlar masonry—careful cut stone, dressed & polished, placed in successive rows Used wooden rollers/sleds for transport Used ramps at building site with ropes, pulleys & levers Linear Ramp Spiral Ramp

21. “Rubble” ramp Zig-Zag ramp

22. The Great Pyramids of Gizeh The Old Kingdom Size/Scale: Pyramid of Menkaure Pyramid of Khafre Pyramid of Khufu — 775’ wide x 450’ high (originally 480’) Contains 2.3 million blocks!! 2.5 tons each Some at the base 15 tons each

23. The Great Pyramids of Gizeh Old Kingdom Function: Funerary-Tomb of the Pharaoh Astrological(??) --Oriented to the points of the compass Symbolism & significance: Symbolism: Pyramid shape—like pyramid stone called ben ben is that of the Sun God Re

24. The Great Pyramids of Gizeh Old Kingdom Significance: Pharaoh’s spirit/power would be preserved like Re’s Huge Size = power & authority Religious—representation of Sun god Re & Pharaoh’s divinity

25. Menkaure and Khamerenebty from Gizeh, Egypt ca. 2,490-2,472 B.C.E. graywacke approximately 54 1/2 in. high

26. Menkaure and Khamerernebty Old Kingdom Materials: (Graywacke) Stone Figures represented: Pharaoh Menkaure and his wife Khamerernebty Pharaoh wears kilt, headress (nemes), fake beard

27. Menkaure and Khamerernebty Old Kingdom Stylistic characteristics: High-Relief--figures remain attached to the block of stone (not exactly detached sculpture) Static, stiff pose, one food forward, hand clenched Idealized portrait—no imperfections, not realistic Canon of proportions—rules of size relationships

28. 3-13 Menkaure and his Queen Khamerernebty (?), sculpture Flashcard Left leg longer Canon of proportions

29. Menkaure and Khamerernebty Old Kingdom Stylistic characteristics: High-Relief--figures remain attached to the block of stone (not exactly detached sculpture) Static, stiff pose, one food forward, hand clenched Idealized portrait—no imperfections, not realistic Canon of proportions—rules of size relationships Function & significance: Not about portraying live figures, but timelessness, divine nature of the pharaoh and house his Ka in the tomb Canon of proportions = ideas of perfection

30. Buddhism What are the Buddhist spiritual beliefs? Worship? God(s)? Spiritual figures? Afterlife? Lifestyle?

31. Buddhism Belief in reincarnation—cycle of life and death Siddartha Guatama was a prince who achieve enlightenment or Nirvana— He became who we know as the Buddha Siddartha was said to attain Nirvana under a Bodi Tree Buddha is a Person, NOT a god Nirvana—reincarnation ends, bliss Goal is to eliminate suffering, ignorance and desire Self-control and not acting on impulses, practicing meditation

32. Buddhism What are elements of Buddhist Iconography? What is the meaning behind Buddhist Iconography?

33. Buddhism Stylistic Characteristics of Buddha: Cross legged pose=meditative state Elongated ear lobes=mark of once being a prince wearing heavy earrings Hands in gestures of meditation or peace offering Thin physique, Top knot hair and Draped clothing = ascetic, monk-like lifestyle, constant meditation and not engaging in worldly desires