1. RAJENDRA KUMAR EC, 4 th year(10EVJAEC084) 1www.engineersportal.in

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5. NATURAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS In natural photosynthesis solar energy is converted into chemical energy. The central part in this reaction is photo system II where electrons are removed from water molecules, creating and protons. These protons through photo system I are used to create carbohydrates of carbon dioxide. 5www.engineersportal.in

6. NATURAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS 6www.engineersportal.in

7. Process of natural photosynthesis…!!!! 7www.engineersportal.in

8. WHAT ARE FUELS?? Solar energy can be captured and stored directly in the chemical bonds of a material or fuel and then used when needed. These chemical fuels, in which energy from the sun has deliberately been stored are called solar fuels. The word fuel in broad sense refers to fuel not only for transport and electricity generation but also feedstock used in industry. 8www.engineersportal.in

9. FUELS FROM PHOTOSYNTHESIS HYDROGEN FUEL:- it can be used as a transport fuel and is an important feedstock for industry. Hydrogen can be produced by splitting water using sunlight. If hydrogen gas could be produced cost-efficiently in a sustainable manner, the world’s energy needs could be met for a long time to come. CARBON BASED FUEL:- such as carbon monoxide or methane. These are key feedstock for making a wide range of industrial products including fertilizers pharmaceuticals 9www.engineersportal.in

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11. ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS.. The aim of artificial photosynthesis is to produce hydrogen gas using light and water in a photochemical process. In artificial photosynthesis scientist try to mimic photo system II to split water into oxygen and hydrogen. Then hydrogen can then be used as a fuel. 11www.engineersportal.in

12. Artificial photosynthesis module.. 12www.engineersportal.in

13. Components of artificial photosynthesis module..!! An antenna for harvesting light. Reaction centre for charge separation. Catalysis A membrane to separate the generated products. 13www.engineersportal.in

14. Chemical approach compared to natural photosynthesis..!!! Step 1: Energy from the sun is trapped by an antenna system. From here the energy is transported to the place in the molecule where the photosynthesis starts. In natural photosynthesis this occur in (N): Chlorophyll In artificial photosynthesis this occur in (A): Ru-complex Step 2: The photons are now in a photoactive pigment P. This pigment now uses the energy in the photons to give away an electron to an acceptor molecule 1 A, from were the electron keeps moving to 2 N: Chlorophyll A: Ru-complex 14www.engineersportal.in

15. Chemical approach compared to natural photosynthesis..!!! Step 3: For P to be able to receive more energy from the sun, an electron is transported from the amino acid Tyrosine, to P. N: Tyrosine A: Tyrosine z Step 4: Tyrosine gets back the exited electron from a manganese cluster. N: Manganese cluster A: Manganese molecule (this part is not yet completely functional today) 15www.engineersportal.in

16. Chemical approach compared to natural photosynthesis..!!! Step 5: After the manganese cluster has given away four electrons, the cluster takes four electrons from two water molecules. 2H2O→4H++O2+4e−. N: Manganese cluster takes electrons from water A: Manganese molecule takes electrons from water Step 6: Products. N: Carbohydrates are created through another system A: Hydrogen molecules are created through another system 16www.engineersportal.in

17. Chemical model of N to A 17www.engineersportal.in

18. Artificial photosynthesis pathway from sunlight to fuels…!! 18www.engineersportal.in

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20. Why this idea is so appealing?? It is because, that would give an energy resource that would hold until the sun ends shining It would also be clean energy resource that would have very little impact on the environment. 20www.engineersportal.in

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