1. Reconstruction Andrew Johnson US Grant

2. Identification (4 Points) 1.Sharecroppers

3. Answer One Sharecroppers were people who farmed the owner’s land in return for a share of the crops harvested. This form of farming was not good for the recently freed slaves as it caused them to fall deeper into debt.

4. Identification (4 Points) 2.Tenant Farming

5. Answer Two Tenant Farming was a system of farming where farmers rented the land from the owners. Tenant farming was bad for the blacks because they were never able to earn enough money to buy their own land.

6. Identification (4 Points) 3.Freedman’s Bureau

7. Answer Three Freedman’s Bureau was a government agency that was set up during Reconstruction to help the newly freed slaves adjust to freedom. They helped blacks with issues such as food, housing and education.

8. Identification (4 Points) 4.Andrew Johnson

9. Answer Four Andrew Johnson was Lincoln’s Vice President who wanted to follow Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction. He upset the Radical Republicans in Congress and was impeached in the house although not convicted by the Senate.

10. Identification (4 Points) 5.Amnesty

11. Answer Five Amnesty was a pardon of all Southerners except a few high ranking Confederate officials offered by Lincoln after the Civil War.

12. Identification (4 Points) 6.Pocket Veto

13. Answer Six Congress passed a law which would have put the South under Military Rule but Lincoln allowed the session of Congress to expire without signing it. This is an example of the use of a Pocket Veto by a president.

14. Identification (4 Points) 7.Civil Rights Act (1866)

15. Answer Seven Civil Rights Act (1866) was a law passed in 1866 which granted citizenship and protections from the Federal government to Blacks. This law was vetoed by Johnson but his veto was overridden.

16. Identification (4 Points) 8.Fourteenth Amendment

17. Answer Eight Fourteenth Amendment allowed all citizens “equal protection under the law”. It was passed because Congress feared that future Congresses might undo the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

18. Identification (4 Points) 9.Mandate Senator Ben Wade Leader of the Radical Republicans

19. Answer Nine Mandate is a command from the voters to enact a particular policy or program. In the election 1866, the voters gave a mandate to the Radical Republicans to continue with their course of action regarding Reconstruction.

20. Identification (4 Points) 10.Radical Republicans Thad Stevens Leader of the Radical Republicans

21. Answer Ten Radical Republicans wanted to have military rule in the former Confederacy. They hoped to make the newly freed slaves their allies and gain their votes, ensuring they would remain in control of Congress.

22. Identification (4 Points) 11.Impeach (Johnson)

23. Answer Eleven Impeach (Johnson) Radical Republicans were upset with Johnson for opposing their policies of Reconstruction. He was impeached by the house but acquitted by one vote in the Senate. He finished his term in office.

24. Identification (4 Points) 12.Carpetbagger

25. Answer Twelve Carpetbaggers were supporters of the Union who were brought in from the North to rule the South. They were hated by native Southerners and seen as oppressive.

26. Identification (4 Points) 13.U.S. Grant

27. Answer Thirteen U.S. Grant was elected President after Andrew Johnson’s term was over. He kept military rule in the south in hopes that the Republicans could maintain control of Congress and the Presidency.

28. Identification (4 Points) 14.Segregation

29. Answer Fourteen Segregation is the policy of separating people on the basis of race. This practice was used in the North and South although it was made legal in the south through Jim Crow laws.

30. Identification (4 Points) 15.Ku Klux Klan

31. Answer Fifteen Ku Klux Klan was a secret society of whites in the south who resisted equal rights for blacks and opposed those whites who wanted to help the blacks make progress.

32. Identification (4 Points) 16.Fifteenth Amendment

33. Answer Sixteen Fifteenth Amendment said that the right to vote could not be taken away based on race, color or previous condition of servitude. This amendment guaranteed the right of blacks to vote.

34. Identification (4 Points) 17.Tenure of Office Act Secretary of War Edwin Stanton

35. Answer Seventeen Tenure of Office Act was a law passed by congress that said the President could not fire any of his appointees who had been previously approved by congress. Johnson ignored this law saying it was unconstitutional and his defiance was one of the reasons for his impeachment.

36. Short Answer One (Eight Points) Describe the opposing views on reconstruction offered by President Lincoln and the Radical Republicans and explain clearly why you think one approach would have been more effective than the other.

37. President Lincoln

38. Answer Lincoln believed in showing forgiveness to the south after the war. The Radical Republicans believed that the south should be punished for its’ actions during the war. GIVE YOUR OPINION ON WHICH APPROACH WAS BETTER AND WHY.

39. Short Answer Two (Eight Points) What were two drawbacks to tenant farming? Be specific and explain each one.

40. Tenant Farmer

41. Answer 1. Growth of cash crops such as tobacco and cotton were encouraged. This depleted the soil. 2. Workers had to buy food and supplies on credit from landowners. These purchases came at high interest rates and forced poor farmers deeper into debt.

42. Short Answer Three (Eight Points) Describe the 5 clauses of the Compromise of 1877 which decided the election of 1876 between Sam Tilden and Rutherford Hayes

43. President Rutherford B. Hayes

44. Answer 1. Republicans keep the Presidency. 2. Democrats get the Post of Postmaster General and control the patronage associated with it. 3. More Federal funds for the south to rebuild. 4. Union troops were removed from the south. 5. Carpetbagger government ends in the south.

45. Short Answer Four (Eight Points) When the slaves were freed at the end of the Civil War, what three changes in family life did they face?

46. Former Slave at Work

47. Answer 1. Many slaves sought to reunite with relatives that they had been separated from during the period of slavery. 2. Many slaves had to choose a last name since they had not been given one during the period of slavery. 3. Many slaves left the south to seek their fortune in the Midwest or in the cities in the North.