1. Why We Hate A look at the psychology of hatred

2. The Anatomy of Hate The Amygdala Part of the Limbic System (motivation, emotion, survival & reproduction) Size of grape 1” under each temple ‘oldest’ part of brain

3. The Anatomy of Hate Scans for threat/pain (physical & emotional) Triggers ‘automatic’ response (ducking, flinching, screaming) When ‘on’ in humans and animals, it causes violent outbursts

4. The Anatomy of Hate People with rage disorders (IED) have over-active amygs If removed, aggression STOPS..... but animals lose the ability to send or receive emotion (not completely true in humans) *cat & dog experiment

5. The Anatomy of Hate Amygdala wired to: hypothalamus = regs the body’s systems & controls aggressive and defensive behaviors Pituitary gland = controls hormones (like adrenaline)

6. The Anatomy of Hate speech centers (crap!) Cerebral cortex = responsible for self- awareness and advanced thought *This connection joins primal hate/fear with our highest thought process = meaning

7. What does ‘meaning’ do? Other than basic ‘survival drives’, humans lack animal like instincts for a sense of daily purpose Humans devote emotional commitment in our ‘meaning’ to life

8. What does ‘meaning’ do? To us, meaning = survival This dedication to ‘meaning’ is so intense that we are vulnerable to interpreting those with different cultures, religions, and politics as ‘enemies’

9. Hate and History Holocaust of 1940s Yugoslavia Israel & Palestine September 11, 2001 Rwanda

10. So, Why Do We Hate? A PRIME DIRECTIVE for survival We attack things/people we view as a threat to our survival FEAR is a LEARNED tool that values stereotyping (fear of spiders... avoid ALL spiders)

11. What Does Hate Look Like? Fight or flight response Connection between hate and perceived power of the hated Lack of ‘sympathy’ for victims because of learned fear and stereotyping (Tim McVey ‘collateral damage’ = 19 dead children in OK City) Is not selective, like anger can be (angry with one person... not an entire group) The more powerful the threat, the more powerful the hate response Closer proximity increases hate intensity (Israel/Palestine)

12. Environmental Contributors Some cultures RARELY activate the physiological hate response (Semai) When the Semai move to other places, they demonstrate hate and violence as is normal in the new place Drug-addicted mothers more likely to have children with a damaged threat-response system (over or under aroused)

13. More Environmental Factors The LEAST violent societies are those in which men and women live, eat, and sleep together in a relatively equal setting The MOST violent societies are those in which men and women live separately, and in which boys are taken from their mothers at an early age for indoctrination (inner-city gangs, Al Queda, etc)

14. Can Hate Be Eliminated? BE SPECIFIC. Help others identify ‘why’ they are angry. This keeps the cortex activated and minimizes limbic work DEVELOP EMPATHY Try to understand others. (30 Days)

15. Can Hate Be Eliminated? COMMUNICATE, specifically, why anger is felt Work on CONSTRUCTIVE NEGOTIATIONS... focusing on positive solutions to problems keeps cortex working!

16. Can Hate Be Eliminated? EDUCATION that is accurate, specific, & empathetic (PreWWII Germany was ‘most educated’ nation of its time

17. Can Hate Be Eliminated? COOPERATE WITH OTHERS in mutually beneficial ways Put things into PERSPECTIVE! AVOID FEELING TRAPPED IMMERSE YOURSELF in a positive way with the source of your fear/hate

18. One Final Strategy... Seek Justice, not Revenge! (p. 248 of Dozier)

19. Shining Example of Possibilities 2001 Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought for ‘Families Forum’ Believe that motherhood, fatherhood, and the wish to save living children are the only common denominators that overcome race, religion, and nationality http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle. cfm?ItemID=2819