1. Prefixes +Base Word+ Suffixes
Affixes
Prefixes Base Word Suffixes
+Root Word+
con- vince=
de- crease= e-ing
ex- cuse= -s
im- mature -ity
in- sensitive ---
mal- nourish= -ed
pre- view = -ed
re- cycle= -ing
A. Filipek/2008

2. Base Words -- Root Words
Old English: WORD ORDER
Adjective, noun, verb,
prepositional phase
Greek: alphabet, months/days
March, January, Saturday
Mars, Janus, Saturn
Roman*: loco= place
location locomotive
nation, national, international, multinational, nationality
Romance language & Latin
A. Filipek/2008

3. Transition Words So, For, First, Therefore, However, Then,
As a result,
Next,
In conclusion,
Therefore,
Consequently,
However,
Finally,
A. Filipek/2008

4. Homophones its it’s there their they’re here hear pare pear read red
die dye
A. Filipek/2008

5. Clauses Independent Adverb phrase – -ly Adjective phrase –
– SENTENCE Subject + predicate parts
Adverb phrase – -ly
Adjective phrase –
Gerund phrase
always function as nouns, so they are subjects, subject complements, or objects
Eating the sandwich slowly,
Participial phrase –
-ing ending + noun or pronoun
Infinitive --
A. Filipek/2008

6. Character* Traits polite rude kind courageous afraid nice
confident insecure beautiful
shy outgoing intelligent
helpful selfish unaware
happy sad sympathethic
adorable unkept
* “mask” (Italian/persona)
A. Filipek/2008