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Verbals and Verbal Phrases
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What is a Verbal A verbal is a verb that acts as a noun, adjective, or adverb. The three kinds of verbals are: gerunds, participles, and infinitives.
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Gerund A gerund is a verb acting as a noun.
To form a gerund add “ing” to the end of a verb. A gerund can be a subject, P.N., D.O., I.O., or O.P. Ex. Learning is fun. The gerund is “learning”. I can easily replace it with a different noun, such as Ms. Berger *Ms. Berger is fun.
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Gerund Phrase A gerund phrase is a gerund plus all of its modifiers (adjective, prepositional phrases, etc.). Learning about English is fun. The gerund phrase is “learning about English”.
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Participles Participles can be plain old adjectives and predicate adjectives. Thinking students make me happy. The participle is “thinking”. It describes the students. I can easily replace it with a different adjective such as courteous. *Courteous students make me happy. A participle is a verb that acts like an adjective. A participle can end with an “ed” (past participle) or an “ing” (present participle).
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Participial Phrases Participial phrases are participles and all modifiers and complements. Ex. I saw students thinking about English. The participial phrase is “thinking about English”.
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Infinitive An infinitive is a verb that begins with “to” and is acting as a noun, adjective, or adverb. Ex. I love to eat. The infinitive is “to eat”. It answers the question “What do I like to do?” Therefore, it is a direct object.
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Infinitive Phrase An infinitive phrase is an infinitive and all of its modifiers and complements. Ex. I love to eat ice cream. The infinitive phrase is “to eat ice cream”. The four words together function as the direct object of the sentence.
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More Infinitive Phrases
Ex. We are here to learn English. The infinitive phrase is “to learn English”. It answers the question “Why am I here?” Therefore, it is an adverb infinitive phrase.
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